24 20 681 https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/3e283e21fbb325b6c81ba7626243c3b4.png d30f2c67237b7f3fd588527ebfce42c3 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Logo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2006] TOHR Torch Logo Subject The topic of the resource Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Logo for Torch Publication Description An account of the resource Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Logo for their Torch publication. The image shows the TOHR logo with a rainbow flag graphic above it. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Language A language of the resource English 2006 logo TOHR TOHR logo TOHR Torch Torch Torch Logo Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights logo https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/920992b0342f7571efecae96244f1a5f.gif f380104af572abdce0fd5dd84ff019e8 Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Logo Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2002-2006] TOHR 25th Anniversary Logo Subject The topic of the resource Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights 25th Anniversary Logo Description An account of the resource A stylized logo for Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) with the caption "25 Years TOHR". Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2002-2006 Language A language of the resource English 2002 2006 logo TOHR TOHR 25th anniversary Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) 25th anniversary Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights 25th anniversary https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/2e17cf6108408746007671c222fcb9c0.pdf 72595e262979801aa81bc8826aed1e29 PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Series] The Pyramid Project > Strategic Planning & Leadership Description An account of the resource Physical Media: Box 5, Folder 5 - Meeting Materials Box 5, Folder 8 - Strategic Planning & Leadership Digital Media: Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2000] Pyramid Project Capital Campaign Notes Subject The topic of the resource 2000 Pyramid Project Capital Campaign Notes Description An account of the resource 2 pages of Capital Campaign notes for fundraising a permanent facility for Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR), featuring the slogan "Building a Home... Funding the Future". The plan is split into 5 phases, with the first phase lasting from May 1, 2000, to June 30, 2000, with a fundraising goal of $40,000. The second phase lasts from August 1, 2000, to October 31, 2000, with a fundraising goal of $80,000. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource May 1, 2000 - June 30, 2001; August 1, 2000 - October 31, 2000 2000 GLBT Community Center Pyramid Project Pyramid Project campaign Pyramid Project Capital Campaign Pyramid Project floor plans Pyramid Project fundraising Pyramid Project planning TOHR TOHR capital campaign TOHR GLBT Community Center TOHR Pyramid Project Tulsa Gay Lesbian Bisexual and Transgender Community Center Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/f261e80d36bba7d2809c6bb6777b1c1c.pdf b2a63d8c37947eabec2b4c5c14157ace PDF Text Text ‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com 10/6/19, 6(45 PM https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f59de7c5c8f20.html TOP STORY ‘We share it with a whole community’: 5-year anniversary of samesex marriage in Oklahoma an occasion to remember, look forward, proponents say By Tim Stanley Tulsa World 17 hrs ago 1 of 4 Judge Jane Wiseman (right) of the Court of Civil Appeals officiates the wedding of Sharon Baldwin (left) and Mary Bishop as they stand with Toby Jenkins (center), executive director of Oklahomans for Equality, outside the Tulsa County Courthouse in 2014. MATT BARNARD/Tulsa World file Matt Barnard After marrying her longtime partner, Mary, in 2014, Sharon BishopBaldwin found herself adjusting to a whole new way of speaking. It wasn’t easy at first. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html Page 1 of 7 �‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com 10/6/19, 6(45 PM “I had trouble sometimes just saying ‘my wife,’ ” she said. “Like if I was calling to get a prescription for Mary. They’d say ‘what’s your relationship?’ And before I replied, there’d be a moment of hesitation.” NOW PLAYING ! 1 of 27 " | | # HD Don't Miss! - 10/5 Preview NEXT Don't Miss! - 10/7 Part of the problem, Bishop-Baldwin said, was her anticipation of the reaction. Too often back then, it was an awkward one. “They might respond oddly,” she said, causing a little “nervous embarrassment” for both parties. But today, five years later, all of that has changed. “Now the word ‘wife’ rolls off my tongue without a second thought,” Bishop-Baldwin said. And the reactions? For the most part, they’ve smoothed out, too, she said — “to just such a matter-of-fact transaction.” Society, Bishop-Baldwin believes, is finally getting used to its new reality. And with it, acceptance of same-sex relationships is slowly growing. This Sunday, Oct. 6, will officially mark five years since same-sex couples in Oklahoma were first legally permitted to marry. For the Bishop-Baldwins and other couples who took advantage of it that first week in 2014, it means their own five-year anniversary is at hand. And with that, an opportunity also comes to both reflect and look forward. The Bishop-Baldwins, whose lawsuit in response to a voter-approved ban on same-sex marriage in 2004 paved the way, became the first to claim a marriage license at Tulsa County Courthouse, after the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case and the judge lifted a stay. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html Page 2 of 7 �‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com 10/6/19, 6(45 PM The couple will commemorate the five-year milestone, they said, with some special company: They’re having dinner with Sue Barton and Gay Phillips, the other couple involved in their long 10-year legal battle. “That seemed like the appropriate thing to do,” Mary BishopBaldwin said. “They were with us every step of the way.” Barton and Phillips had been married previously elsewhere, and won the right that same day to have Oklahoma recognize their union. John David and Jason Bragg-Sutton, formerly of the Tulsa area, will celebrate their 5-year anniversary on Oct. 11. The Nowata couple had been together five years before marriage became legal, John David said. Secure in their bond, they didn’t feel like they needed marriage to affirm that. However, that doesn’t mean they don’t see the value in it, John David said: “It’s not a gay marriage certificate that I hold, it’s a marriage certificate. The ability to say that shows it doesn’t matter. I’m on the same level as others and equal to them.” The couple were married in 2014 at a park in Owasso, joined by a few friends and family. “It is a huge thing,” John David added of the anniversary. “It feels like we’ve accomplished something. It’s definitely a milestone.” Complicating any celebratory plans, he said, are the demands of parenthood. With six adopted children, “we may just be taking a nap that day,” John David laughed. “Maybe we can go out for a quiet dinner — just relax and be married for a little while rather than being parents.” Rush to the courthouse Surprised like everyone else by the unexpected news of Oct. 6, 2014, Toby Jenkins, director and CEO of Oklahomans for Equality, joined other marriage equality proponents at the Tulsa courthouse, where he made sure the Bishop-Baldwins would be first to get a license. “I said nobody gets married until Sharon and Mary do,” he said, wanting to make sure their role was properly recognized. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html Page 3 of 7 �‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com 10/6/19, 6(45 PM A total of 21 couples would be issued licenses that first day. From there, the surge continued, Jenkins said. Over the first year of legal same-sex marriage, around 1,200 licenses would be issued in Tulsa, and 4,200 statewide, said Jenkins, whose organization tracked the numbers. The painstaking task involved some guesswork, he cautioned, since licenses don’t identify male or female, just spouse names. Primarily concerned with making sure all counties were complying, Jenkins didn’t pursue numbers after that. But he’s happy to report that “in five years, there’s not been a court clerk who’s refused (a license) that we are aware of. It does feel like our elected officials are willing to follow the rule of law.” A few months after Oklahoma began issuing licenses in June 2015, same-sex marriage became legal nationwide thanks to a U.S. Supreme Court decision. Undoubtedly, it’s contributed to the rapid rise in the number of samesex households in which the couples are married. The rate has more than doubled over a decade, from 26.6% in 2008 to nearly 60% in 2017, according to the most recent data available, the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2017 American Community Survey. The survey estimated that in 2017 there were 935,229 same-sex households in the U.S., of which married couples made up 555,492. That growth is one reason advocates like Jenkins believe same-sex marriage is here to stay. “There are so many LGBTQ Americans who have exercised their legal right to ever strip us totally of that,” he said. In addition, Mary Bishop-Baldwin believes, there are fewer people today who would even want to take it away. “Too many straight people know gay people, and love gay people, and now see what marriage means to them,” she said. Both Bishop-Baldwins were editors at the Tulsa World when the lawsuit was filed, and Mary Bishop-Baldwin is still an assistant editor. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html Page 4 of 7 �‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com 10/6/19, 6(45 PM Never forget While Jenkins is grateful for marriage, the occasion of the anniversary also reminds him of its limitations. “Marriage fixed so much,” he said, “but the sad reality is there’s a lot it didn’t … employment protection, housing protection and certainly it has not stopped hate crimes. … it hasn’t changed people’s hearts.” Just this past July, a mural at the Oklahomans for Equality center was vandalized, a reminder that anti-LGBTQ sentiment still exists in the community, he said. Jenkins also can’t help feeling sad, too, for all the Oklahomans for whom Oct. 6, 2014, came too late. “There were so many people who needed those protections but who missed out on it,” he said. For Oklahoma’s LGBTQ community going forward, Jenkins said, it’s important not to forget how it got here. He thinks it’s already become too easy to take marriage for granted. “We need to remember how forever indebted we are” to the BishopBaldwins, Barton and Phillips, he said. “We are able to get married because of their work, which was courageous and at times isolating for them.” For their part, the Bishop-Baldwins say they would rather people remember the struggle, and what the situation once was for same-sex couples. A good reminder of it, they said, comes every year in the form of their original anniversary. Many years before they were allowed to marry, the Bishop-Baldwins held a commitment ceremony. “It was at a beach house in Florida — and at the time, that was all the wedding we thought we’d ever have,” said Sharon Bishop-Baldwin. As a result, that original anniversary — which they will celebrate for the 20th year next March 26 — will always have a special meaning to them. But this week, they added, the focus will be on Oct. 6. https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html Page 5 of 7 �‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com 10/6/19, 6(45 PM “It’s not just a celebration about us,” Mary Bishop-Baldwin said. “We share it with a whole community of people — a whole community who never thought they’d have the opportunity to get married.” Featured video Mourners show up to honor World War II veteran w… Tim Stanley 918-581-8385 tim.stanley@tulsaworld.com Twitter: @timstanleyTW Tim Stanley Staff Writer Stanley is a general assignment reporter and the writer behind the award-winning "World War II Veterans Remember" series & book. 918-581-8385 https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html Page 6 of 7 �‘We share it with a whole communityʼ: 5-year anniversary of same-sex…n to remember, look forward, proponents say | News | tulsaworld.com https://www.tulsaworld.com/news/we-share-it-with-a-whole-community--year-anniversary/article_656f2898-cadb-52a7-936f-59de7c5c8f20.html 10/6/19, 6(45 PM Page 7 of 7 � Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper Article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2019] Bishop-Baldwin Marriage 5 years Later Subject The topic of the resource First Same Sex Marriage in Oklahoma 2014 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa World Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tim Stanley Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tulsa World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource October 6, 2019 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Oklahomans for Equality Judge Jane Wiseman Mary Bishop-Baldwin same-sex marriage Sharon Bishop-Baldwin Toby Jenkins https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/7d3e3d038d2b87c2ccffecae5c057d15.jpg fb499b9b429a7ae6d2d2ba210b558807 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2005] Events celebrating diversity set tonight through June 11: Activities include Gay Day at the Tulsa Zoo, a film on gay survivors of the Holocaust, and a gay-pride parade Subject The topic of the resource Pride 2005 Description An account of the resource Article covering plans for the week of Tulsa Pride 2005. Events were hosted at a number of local faith communities and gathering places and sponsored by PFLAG, TOHR, and other Pride groups. Includes photo of parade goer Rick Martin helping carry a 120-foot pride flag in 2003 by Kelly Kerr. Nancy McDonald received PFLAG’s first Lifetime Achievement Award Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa World Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tulsa World Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tulsa World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 3, 2005 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Tulsa World Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Newspaper clipping 6.5x11' Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper article Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tulsa World, June 3, 2005 pg. A17 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tulsa Pride 2005, Tulsa Zoo, Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays, Fellowship Congregational Church, Michael Adee, More Light Presbyterians, College Hill Presbyterian Church, Diversity Celebration Alliance, Charles Shusterman Jewish Community Center, Holocaust, Dr. Jay Geller, Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights, Brady Arts District, Tulsa Central Library, Council Oak Men’s Chorale, Women of Council Oak, Tulsa City-County Library, Diversity Gala, Gilcrease Museum, Rick Martin, Tim Palmer, Nancy McDonald, Pride parade, Cherry Street, Veteran’s Park https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/18b7b1f3fc29a38f406a8d6dcad33e03.jpg f2fe7811290ae4c368a71f9975a0acf4 https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/4826c3a0ef130070fec9b8143f0d66e2.pdf 3d1960a050b145af397111b3e9c107eb PDF Text Text �� Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Series] Oklahoma LGBT+ History > In Memoriam Description An account of the resource Physical Media: Digital Media: Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document Todd Steven Holt, 51, of Tulsa, died January 11, 2020. He was born January 30, 1968 in Oklahoma City, the son of Roy Holt, Ann Holt Harral and Larry Harral. He graduated from Booker T. Washington High School in 1986 and New York University in 1989. He was currently employed as the AIS Manager at Union Public Schools. His heart was big and full of love to give to all. He had a smile that lit up any room. He was a lover of musical theater, an avid reader, smart, funny, and a complete joy to be around. In addition to his numerous Tulsa friends, Todd had long time friends scattered from New York City, to Jacksonville, Florida, to Austin, Texas and San Francisco. Todd is survived by his husband, Jasen Texeria; his parents, Ann and Larry Harral; his maternal Grandmother, Twylah Fitzpatrick; and his beloved miniature Italian Greyhounds, Lola and Loki. Todd was preceded in death by his Father, Roy Holt. A celebration of Todd's life is scheduled February 8th at 1:00 at All Souls Unitarian Church in Tulsa. In lieu of flowers, the family asks that you consider donations to COPES (Community Outreach Psychiatric Emergency Services) Family & Children's Services COPES 650 S. Peoria Ave. Tulsa, OK 74120 or a charity of your choice. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2020] Todd Steven Holt, January 30, 1968-January 11, 2020 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource January 26, 2020 Subject The topic of the resource Obituaries of important figures associated with Oklahomans for Equality and/or the LGBTQ+ community Description An account of the resource Todd Steven Holt was the AIS Manager at Union Public Schools before he passed. He was a person who brought joy to everyone he came across. His friends and family will miss his presence. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://history.okeq.org/collections/show/20 Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Email Online text PDF Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Obituary Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context https://history.okeq.org/items/show/395 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Oklahoma City---Oklahoma Booker T. Washington High School New York University Tulsa---Oklahoma United States of America (50 states) Ann and Larry harral Jasen Texeria Todd Steven Holt https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/f3f1c9294f85795138455775d154780c.pdf 873a286679843ca4173a354fad9b1479 PDF Text Text 1/31/25, 2:25 PM Robert Cisar Obituary (2006) - Tulsa, OK - Tulsa World Search by Name Robert S Cisar Jr. Send Flowers Share FUNERAL HOME Follow Stanleys Funeral & Cremation Service 3959 East 31st Street Tulsa, Oklahoma RECORDS View more records for Cisar on Ancestry.com® Sponsored Robert Cisar Obituary C ISAR -- Robert S., Jr., began his life's journey February 18, 1942 in Oklahoma City. His "fabulous" journey ended Friday, March 10, 2006, in Tulsa, OK which had been his home since the early 1970s. Robert was preceded in death by, his loving parents, Zelma and Dr. Robert S. Cisar, Sr. He is survived by: his life partner of 21 years, Kirk Holt; cousins, John and Jim McArdle and their families of Tucson and Phoenix, AZ; 3 cousins, on the west coast; and lifetime friend, Paul Thomas and his family of Oklahoma City. Robert also leaves many wonderful friends who traveled with him as he made his https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/tulsaworld/name/robert-cisar-obituary?id=6865448 1/11 �1/31/25, 2:25 PM Robert Cisar Obituary (2006) - Tulsa, OK - Tulsa World life's journey. During his brief illness, Robert was able to celebrate his life with those he dearly loved. After serving in the Army and a tour in Vietnam where he was a Surgical Nurse, Robert started interior home painting, then paper hanging, then home remodeling before realizing that he had a gift for interior design. Thus evolved into his and Kirk's business, Cisar-Holt, Inc. He loved his work and cherished the relationships they made with their many clients across the United States and abroad over the years. Robert will be remembered and celebrated as a man who loved life, as a humanitarian, a man of vision and integrity who deeply believed in equality. He was always supportive of his friends. He generously and willingly lent his support to many local organizations that are about helping others. It had been Robert's gift of sharing and giving back to others that endeared him to so many. In lieu of flowers Robert had requested contributions be made to Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR). Robert was one of the founders of TOHR. Recently, the TOHR organization purchased its first building. Robert had looked forward to being a part of the team which will transform the building into a community center. Please send contributions to TOHR, Pyramid Project, P.O. Box 2687, Tulsa, OK 74101 and note Robert Cisar Memorial Fund. Service will be 4 p.m., Thursday, March 16, 2006 at All Souls Unitarian Church. Stanleys, 743-6271. To plant trees in memory, please visit the Sympathy Store. Published by Tulsa World on Mar. 14, 2006. Cisar Pages See more records on Ancestry® https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/tulsaworld/name/robert-cisar-obituary?id=6865448 2/11 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Series] Oklahoma LGBT+ History > In Memoriam Description An account of the resource Physical Media: Digital Media: Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document <h1 class="Box-sc-ucqo0b-0 HeadingBase___StyledBox-sc-1jlt23t-0 cTwbCP cNDfOi">Robert Cisar Obituary</h1> <div class="Box-sc-ucqo0b-0 kbVUcj ObituaryText___StyledTextBase-sc-12f7zd1-0 inFMmj">CISAR -- Robert S., Jr., began his life's journey February 18, 1942 in Oklahoma City. His "fabulous" journey ended Friday, March 10, 2006, in Tulsa, OK which had been his home since the early 1970s. Robert was preceded in death by, his loving parents, Zelma and Dr. Robert S. Cisar, Sr. He is survived by: his life partner of 21 years, Kirk Holt; cousins, John and Jim McArdle and their families of Tucson and Phoenix, AZ; 3 cousins, on the west coast; and lifetime friend, Paul Thomas and his family of Oklahoma City. Robert also leaves many wonderful friends who traveled with him as he made his life's journey. During his brief illness, Robert was able to celebrate his life with those he dearly loved. After serving in the Army and a tour in Vietnam where he was a Surgical Nurse, Robert started interior home painting, then paper hanging, then home remodeling before realizing that he had a gift for interior design. Thus evolved into his and Kirk's business, Cisar-Holt, Inc. He loved his work and cherished the relationships they made with their many clients across the United States and abroad over the years. Robert will be remembered and celebrated as a man who loved life, as a humanitarian, a man of vision and integrity who deeply believed in equality. He was always supportive of his friends. He generously and willingly lent his support to many local organizations that are about helping others. It had been Robert's gift of sharing and giving back to others that endeared him to so many. In lieu of flowers Robert had requested contributions be made to Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR). Robert was one of the founders of TOHR. Recently, the TOHR organization purchased its first building. Robert had looked forward to being a part of the team which will transform the building into a community center. Please send contributions to TOHR, Pyramid Project, P.O. Box 2687, Tulsa, OK 74101 and note Robert Cisar Memorial Fund. Service will be 4 p.m., Thursday, March 16, 2006 at All Souls Unitarian Church. Stanleys, 743-6271.</div> Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2006] Bob Cisar Obituary Subject The topic of the resource Robert S. Cisar Jr., February 18, 1942 - March 10, 2006 Description An account of the resource Two pages of an obituary for Robert S. Cisar Jr., who lived February 18, 1942 to March 10, 2006, published by Tulsa World on March 14, 2006. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Tulsa World Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/tulsaworld/name/robert-cisar-obituary?id=6865448 Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 14, 2006 2006 Bob Cisar Cisar Holt Inc Cisar-Holt Inc. in memoriam Kirk Holt memoriam Obituaries Obituary Pyramid Project Pyramid Project fundraising Robert S Cisar Robert S Cisar Jr Robert S. Cisar Robert S. Cisar Jr. Stanley's Funeral and Cremation Stanleys Funeral and Cremation Service TOHR TOHR Pyramid Project Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights (TOHR) Tulsa World https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/c84f36f81a3101a7617a2a6b2e2e8138.pdf f4655daa4827ebba81040fb28947277f Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2024] Twisted Arts 2024 Annual Report Subject The topic of the resource Twisted Arts 2024 Annual Report Description An account of the resource 10 pages of an annual report of Twisted Arts' accomplishments over 2024, including an OKEQ fundraiser and the Twisted Arts Film Festival. Transcript: 2024 ANNUAL REPORT LETTER FROM THE FOUNDER Reflecting on the past year at Twisted Arts, I am deeply grateful and proud. Twisted Arts began as a vision to create an inclusive and vibrant arts community in Tulsa, and this year, we saw that vision come to life in impactful ways. Through the dedication of our community, the support of our generous sponsors, and the hard work of the Board of Directors, we've built a space that celebrates the richness of 2SLGBTQ+ voices and brings people together through the power of art. From the Pride Kick-off and Two-Spirit Fest to the Transgender Day of Visibility, our year-round initiatives have provided a platform for local artists, fostered essential conversations, and celebrated our community’s resilience. Twisted Arts is more than an arts organization; it’s an economic contributor, with four years of activities adding over $640,000 to Tulsa’s arts economy. As we look to the future, your continued support ensures we can keep providing these vital experiences, honoring our commitment to inclusivity, creativity, and community empowerment. Together, we are building a legacy that will uplift artists and allies. Thank you for standing with us and being part of this journey. With gratitude, [Kevin Lovelace's signature] Kevin Lovelace Founder, Twisted Arts YEAR-END REVIEW Accomplishments: • Gayest Dog In Tulsa Fundraiser: Raised $750 for Pause4Paws. • Fundraising for Oklahomans for Equality: Raised $1,300. • Community Engagement: Hosted two screenings at The Starlite. • Drag Me to the Movies: Hosted three sold-out screenings featuring nine local performers • Trans Day Of Visibility: Featured eight local performers. • Pride Kickoff: Welcomed over 400 attendees on the rooftop of Tulsa Artist Fellowship. • 2-Spirit Festival: The Harmony Of Duality exhibition at Oklahomans for the Humanities drew over 725 attendees, showcasing nine 2-Spirit artists, making it the venue's third highest attended opening. • Drag the Voter: An event focused on registering new voters for this election. • Total 2024 attendance: Over 2,000 attendees to all of our events. • Tulsa Visual Arts Economic Impact Calculator: $158,145 TWISTED ARTS ANNUAL REPORT 2024 Accomplishments OKEQ Fundraiser February 21, 2024 - Screening of PUMP UP THE VOLUME to raise$1,300 [sic] for Oklahomans for Equality. Gayest Dog in Tulsa Fundraiser June 22, 2024 - The inaugural Gayest Dog in Tulsa Pageant at Belefonte raised $750 for Pause4Paws animal foster shelter. Drag Me to the Movies Our newest program, all sold-out shows, pairs parody performances with the films: But I’m a Cheerleader, Steel Magnolias, & Death Becomes Her. TWISTED ARTS ANNUAL REPORT 2024 Events Community Screenings at the Starlite Free community screenings bringing underground films, typically unavailable in theaters, to enthusiastic audiences at the Starlite. Transgender Day of Visibility This year’s Transgender Day of Visibility event at OKEQ featured eight talented local transgender artists, performers, and musicians. 2-Spirit Fest Our First Friday exhibition showcased nine 2-spirit visual artists on Friday, followed by 20+ performers, artists, and panelists on Saturday. TWISTED ARTS ANNUAL REPORT 2024 More Events Pride Kickoff We kicked off Pride with eight local performers, 15 vendors, and empanadas from Que Gusto on the rooftop of Tulsa Artist Fellowship Drag the Vote New voters were registered at the Colony’s first-ever Drag the Vote event, encouraging civic engagement and community involvement. Twisted Arts Film Festival The Twisted Arts Film Festival hosted over 350 attendees and featured two directors, engaging Q&A panels, and a memorable closing night party with a special performance by Kalup Linzy. FINANCIAL STATEMENT 2024 Financial Summary In 2024, Twisted Arts operated on a budget under $50,000, reflecting our commitment to maximizing impact with limited resources. Our total revenue was $49,135, composed of $4,000 in sponsorships, $40,000 in grants, $2,635 from ticket sales, and $2,500 from individual donations. Expenses totaled $47,109, with key allocations including $9,899 for artist fees, $8,772 for venue rental, and $3,909 for publicity and advertising. Despite modest funding, we successfully supported a variety of festival programs and events, including artist travel, lodging, and outreach activities, all within a lean budget. 2024 Economic Impact 2024 Twisted Arts programs generated substantial economic benefits for the Tulsa community. By using the Economic Impact Calculator and applying a multiplier of seven to the original figures, our festival’s total economic impact for the year is estimated at $158,145. This includes support for seven full-time equivalent jobs, $88,529 in resident household income, $11,571 in local government revenue, and $15,190 in state government revenue. These figures underscore Twisted Arts’ vital role in contributing both culturally and economically to the Tulsa area. FUTURE OUTLOOK 2025 GOALS In celebration of our fifth anniversary, Twisted Arts is setting ambitious goals to expand both our programs and community impact, aiming for a total income of $110,000 in 2025 through increased sponsorships, grants, ticket sales, and donations. This funding will allow us to allocate $40,000 toward artist fees, supporting more local artists and elevating program quality. Additional resources will enhance outreach, publicity, staffing, and fundraising, sustaining growth and expanding our reach. With a total budget of $100,000, we are excited to mark this milestone year with innovative programming, deeper community engagement, and expanded opportunities for local talent. FIFTH ANNIVERSARY BIRTHDAY BASH Twisted Arts is excited to present Margaret Cho live at Cain's Ballroom on April 9, 2025, as part of our fifth-anniversary celebration and our first-ever fundraiser! This event aims to raise funds for Girls Rock!, a new youth-centered arts and social justice program empowering young people through music and creative expression. Margaret Cho’s "Live and LIVID" tour promises a night filled with humor and bold commentary, tackling issues like homophobia, sexism, and racism. As Cho celebrates 40 years in comedy, she invites audiences to “come through” for an unforgettable experience. This fundraiser will set the stage for Girls Rock! to provide invaluable resources, mentorship, and creative opportunities for Tulsa’s youth, helping to cultivate the next generation of artists and activists. We look forward to making this night one of impact, connection, and celebration. Thank You SPONSORS! We extend our heartfelt thanks to our generous sponsors for making the Twisted Arts fourth-anniversary celebration and our first-ever fundraiser a reality. Your support is instrumental in helping us continue our core programs, including the Twisted Arts Film Festival, 2-Spirit Fest, and community outreach events that bring LGBTQ2S+ arts and voices to the forefront. Thanks to your commitment, we are able to provide impactful programming, foster connections, and celebrate diverse stories that inspire and unite our community. Your partnership fuels our mission and encourages a future filled with creativity, inclusivity, and cultural enrichment. We are truly grateful for your belief in our vision and for standing with us as we grow and make a lasting impact. Presenting Sponsor GEORGE KAISER FAMILY FOUNDATION A supporting organization of Tulsa Community Foundation Executive Producers OKLAHOMA ARTS COUNCIL VISION TULSA Producers oklahomans for equality Ralph and Frances McGill Foundation The Anne & Henry Zarrow FOUNDATION CONTACT US EXPRESS. REPRESENT. SASHAY. TWISTED OCTOBER 2-5, 2024 TWISTED ARTS Phone/ (918) 221-5565 Email/ kevin@twistedfest.org Website/ www.twistedarts.org Address/ P.O. Box 14476 Tulsa, OK 74159 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Twisted Arts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Kevin Lovelace PDF Text Text 2024 ANNUAL REPORT �LETTER FROM THE FOUNDER KEVIN LOVELACE Reflecting on the past year at Twisted Arts, I am deeply grateful and proud. Twisted Arts began as a vision to create an inclusive and vibrant arts community in Tulsa, and this year, we saw that vision come to life in impactful ways. Through the dedication of our community, the support of our generous sponsors, and the hard work of the Board of Directors, we've built a space that celebrates the richness of 2SLGBTQ+ voices and brings people together through the power of art. From the Pride Kick-off and Two-Spirit Fest to the Transgender Day of Visibility, our year-round initiatives have provided a platform for local artists, fostered essential conversations, and celebrated our community’s resilience. Twisted Arts is more than an arts organization; it’s an economic contributor, with four years of activities adding over $640,000 to Tulsa’s arts economy. As we look to the future, your continued support ensures we can keep providing these vital experiences, honoring our commitment to inclusivity, creativity, and community empowerment. Together, we are building a legacy that will uplift artists and allies. Thank you for standing with us and being part of this journey. With gratitude, Kevin Lovelace Founder, Twisted Arts �YEAR-END REVIEW Accomplishments: • Gayest Dog In Tulsa Fundraiser: Raised $750 for Pause4Paws. • Fundraising for Oklahomans for Equality: Raised $1,300. • Community Engagement: Hosted two screenings at The Starlite. • Drag Me to the Movies: Hosted three sold-out screenings featuring nine local performers • Trans Day Of Visibility: Featured eight local performers. • Pride Kickoff: Welcomed over 400 attendees on the rooftop of Tulsa Artist Fellowship. • 2-Spirit Festival: The Harmony Of Duality exhibition at Oklahomans for the Humanities drew over 725 attendees, showcasing nine 2-Spirit artists, making it the venue's third highest attended opening. • Drag the Voter: An event focused on registering new voters for this election. • Total 2024 attendance: Over 2,000 attendees to all of our events. • Tulsa Visual Arts Economic Impact Calculator: $158,145 �Accomplishments ANNUAL REPORT 2024 OKEQ Fundraiser February 21, 2024 - Screening of PUMP UP THE VOLUME to raise$1,300 for Oklahomans for Equality. Gayest Dog in Tulsa Fundraiser June 22, 2024 - The inaugural Gayest Dog in Tulsa Pageant at Belefonte raised $750 for Pause4Paws animal foster shelter. TWISTED ARTS Drag Me to the Movies Our newest program, all sold-out shows, pairs parody performances with the films: But I’m a Cheerleader, Steel Magnolias, & Death Becomes Her. �Events ANNUAL REPORT 2024 Community Screenings at the Starlite Free community screenings bringing underground films, typically unavailable in theaters, to enthusiastic audiences at the Starlite. Transgender Day of Visibility This year’s Transgender Day of Visibility event at OKEQ featured eight talented local transgender artists, performers, and musicians. TWISTED ARTS 2-Spirit Fest Our First Friday exhibition showcased nine 2-spirit visual artists on Friday, followed by 20+ performers, artists, and panelists on Saturday. �More Events ANNUAL REPORT 2024 Pride Kickoff We kicked off Pride with eight local performers, 15 vendors, and empanadas from Que Gusto on the rooftop of Tulsa Artist Fellowship Drag the Vote New voters were registered at the Colony’s first-ever Drag the Vote event, encouraging civic engagement and community involvement. TWISTED ARTS Twisted Arts Film Festival The Twisted Arts Film Festival hosted over 350 attendees and featured two directors, engaging Q&A panels, and a memorable closing night party with a special performance by Kalup Linzy. �FINANCIAL STATEMENT 2024 Financial Summary In 2024, Twisted Arts operated on a budget under $50,000, reflecting our commitment to maximizing impact with limited resources. Our total revenue was $49,135, composed of $4,000 in sponsorships, $40,000 in grants, $2,635 from ticket sales, and $2,500 from individual donations. Expenses totaled $47,109, with key allocations including $9,899 for artist fees, $8,772 for venue rental, and $3,909 for publicity and advertising. Despite modest funding, we successfully supported a variety of festival programs and events, including artist travel, lodging, and outreach activities, all within a lean budget. 2024 Economic Impact 2024 Twisted Arts programs generated substantial economic benefits for the Tulsa community. By using the Economic Impact Calculator and applying a multiplier of seven to the original figures, our festival’s total economic impact for the year is estimated at $158,145. This includes support for seven full-time equivalent jobs, $88,529 in resident household income, $11,571 in local government revenue, and $15,190 in state government revenue. These figures underscore Twisted Arts’ vital role in contributing both culturally and economically to the Tulsa area. �FUTURE OUTLOOK 2025 GOALS In celebration of our fifth anniversary, Twisted Arts is setting ambitious goals to expand both our programs and community impact, aiming for a total income of $110,000 in 2025 through increased sponsorships, grants, ticket sales, and donations. This funding will allow us to allocate $40,000 toward artist fees, supporting more local artists and elevating program quality. Additional resources will enhance outreach, publicity, staffing, and fundraising, sustaining growth and expanding our reach. With a total budget of $100,000, we are excited to mark this milestone year with innovative programming, deeper community engagement, and expanded opportunities for local talent. FIFTH ANNIVERSARY BIRTHDAY BASH Twisted Arts is excited to present Margaret Cho live at Cain's Ballroom on April 9, 2025, as part of our fifth-anniversary celebration and our first-ever fundraiser! This event aims to raise funds for Girls Rock!, a new youth-centered arts and social justice program empowering young people through music and creative expression. Margaret Cho’s "Live and LIVID" tour promises a night filled with humor and bold commentary, tackling issues like homophobia, sexism, and racism. As Cho celebrates 40 years in comedy, she invites audiences to “come through” for an unforgettable experience. This fundraiser will set the stage for Girls Rock! to provide invaluable resources, mentorship, and creative opportunities for Tulsa’s youth, helping to cultivate the next generation of artists and activists. We look forward to making this night one of impact, connection, and celebration. �Thank You SPONSORS! We extend our heartfelt thanks to our generous sponsors for making the Twisted Arts fourth-anniversary celebration and our first-ever fundraiser a reality. Your support is instrumental in helping us continue our core programs, including the Twisted Arts Film Festival, 2-Spirit Fest, and community outreach events that bring LGBTQ2S+ arts and voices to the forefront. Thanks to your commitment, we are able to provide impactful programming, foster connections, and celebrate diverse stories that inspire and unite our community. Your partnership fuels our mission and encourages a future filled with creativity, inclusivity, and cultural enrichment. We are truly grateful for your belief in our vision and for standing with us as we grow and make a lasting impact. �CONTACT US TWISTED ARTS Phone/ (918) 221-5565 Email/ kevin@twistedfest.org Website/ www.twistedarts.org Address/ P.O. Box 14476 Tulsa, OK 74159 � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/376dcc682418d2ff1fbc1eda495e0331.jpeg 3b6eed65b5b7f5b17821e0b502abb85d Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Margaret Cho Promotional Poster Subject The topic of the resource Margaret Cho Live & Livid Comedy Tour Presented by Twisted Arts Promotional Poster Description An account of the resource A promotional poster for Margaret Cho's performance at Cain's Ballroom on April 9, 2025, as part of her Live & Livid Comedy Tour, presented by Twisted Arts. Transcript: APRIL 9, 2025 SINCE 1924 Cain's BALLROOM TULSA MARGARET CHO LIVE & Livid COMEDY TOUR Presented by TWISTED ARTS Follow us for more info: @twistedartstulsa / twistedarts.org Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Twisted Arts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource April 9, 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Margaret Cho Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2024-2025] Twisted Arts Subject The topic of the resource Twisted Arts Related Materials Description An account of the resource Materials related to the Twisted Arts organization. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Twisted Arts Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2024 - April 9, 2025 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Margaret Cho, Kevin Lovelace 2-Spirit Fest 2024 2024 pride 2025 Anne and Henry Zarrow Family Foundation annual report Cain's Ballroom Drag Me to the Movies Drag the Vote Film film festival films financial statements Gayest Dog in Tulsa Fundraiser George Kaiser Family Foundation Kevin Lovelace Margaret Cho McGill Foundation OKEQ fundraising Oklahoma Arts Council Ralph and Frances Starlite The Starlite Transgender Day of Visibility Tulsa Artist Fellowship Twisted Arts Twisted Arts Film Festival two spirit two-spirit Two-Spirt Fest Vision Tulsa https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/19d54ca4888e346435dd7d44a33932a3.pdf 38d56658f5eb0189769819720174de2c PDF Text Text �� https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/8e9ee1d30fe6f2daa51549894309cb47.pdf f5635e21c307e479f09977f3e09da069 PDF Text Text THE IMPACT OF AIDS ON AMERICA'S CITIES A 26 City Report for The U.S. Conference of Mayors Task Force on AIDS June 1991] �The United States Conference of Mayors The United States Conference of Mayors is the official nonpartisan organization of cities with populations of 30,000 or more. There are well over 900 such cities in the country today, each represented in the Conference of Mayors by its chief elected official, the Mayor. The U.S. Conference of Mayors is in its second half-century of service to the Mayors and the citizens of America's principal cities. Throughout its history, the Conference of Mayors has taken the lead in calling national attention to the problems and the potential of urban America. Since its founding it has carried the message of cities to every President, every Congress. This is the heritage of the Conference of Mayors. It is the heritage of every mayor who serves today. Robert M. Isaac President Mayor of Colorado Springs Art Agnos Chair, Task Force on AIDS Mayor of San Francisco J. Thomas Cochran Executive Director The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities is a publication of The United States Conferenceof Mayors, with support from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under grant #U62/CCU300609-08. Robert M. Isaac, Mayor of Colorado Springs, President; Art Agnos, Mayor of San Francisco, Chair, Task Force on AIDS; J. Thomas Cochran, Executive Director; Richard D. Johnson, Assistant Executive Director; Alan E. Gambrell, Editor. This report was prepared by Alan E. Gambrell, Richard D. Johnson, and Paula M. Jones. Tables and charts weredesigned and prepared by Jeffrey A. Menzerand Richard D. Johnson. Database designand compilation of data wasby William Brian Mays. Layout design by Stuart P. Campbell, Production Editor. Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the policies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Conference of Mayors was greatly assisted by officials in 26 citiesand counties who provided information for this report. © The United States Conference of Mayors, June, 191 �Preface Ten years ago this month, the first cases of AIDS were reported among a handful of Gay men in the nation’s largest cities. Since that time, over 110,000 Americans have died of AIDS (as of the month ending April 1991)—more combined. than the total number of American deaths in all military conflicts since World War II Over one million Americans are now estimated to be infected with the HIV virus. An estimated 165,000 t0215,000 Americans will die of AIDS from 1991 to 1993 alone, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Over the past decade, waves of fear, discrimination, and misunderstanding have flashed, disappeared and reappeared in the nation’s media headlines. Yet, behind the undulation of press reports, the wave of the epidemic has been constant—and escalating. Despite policy debates over testing issues, admission of foreigners with HIV, and the best methods of preventing the further spread of the HIV virus that causes AIDS, there can be no debate on the impact of AIDS in our cities: this year is worse than last, and next year will be even worse. AIDS Cases: The Numbers Explode The United States Conference of Mayors this past month surveyed 26 of the cities hardest hit by the AIDS crisis to assess—one decade into the epidemic—the status of AIDS in America’s cities and its impact on urban health systems. The magnitude of the AIDS epidemic is made evident whenreflecting on landmark events in the AIDS crisis and combining them with the findings of this survey. In 1985, the year Rock Hudson died from AIDS, there were close to 10,000 total cases in the 26 surveyed cities. Our survey found that: ¢ » In Baltimore, there were 116 cases in 1985; by the end of 1990 there were 1,599, nearly 14 times the number. InTampa, 63 cases had been diagnosed by the end of 1985; by the end of February of this year, 866 had been reported, or 1,274 percent more. Five years ago, in 1986, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop issued his landmark Surgeon General's Report on AIDS. �o Through 1986, 25,048 cumulative AIDS cases had been reported in the 26 surveyed cities; (this constituted the majority of the over 37,000 in the nation). In 1986 alone, 10,973 cases were reported in the 26 surveyed cities * By the end of 1986, there were 59 AIDS cases in Indianapolis. As of March 1991, Indianapolis reports 452 cases, an increase of 666 percent. ¢ InPhiladelphia, 368 cases had been reported by the close of 1986. That city’s total increased 528 percent to 2,313 by March. Five years from now, in 1996: * Houston estimates there will be 27,000 cumulative AIDS cases. * Boston estimates 3,341 cumulative cases. The nation’s cities have yet to recover from the recession that began soon after the start of the AIDS epidemic. Numerous studies have shown that federal funding for cities throughout the 1980s was reduced by 60 to 70 percent. During the same period, a recent Conference of Mayors study has shown that city budgets have risen by 95 percent in response to increased problems. Throughout the Desert Shield /Desert Storm operation in the Persian Gulf, 378 Americans lost their lives in support of the effort. During that same time, over 10,000 Americans lost their lives to AIDS. If the federal government can spend many billions of dollars to rescue mismanaged and corrupt financial institutions, it certainly can expend just a fraction of that amount on the crisis in American cities. Just as we can find resources to protect our troops abroad, we must find resources to protect and care for our citizens at home. Town coclnans J. Yhomas Cochran Executive Director �Table of Contents Executive Summary rn 1 Overview Of HAINgS 3 eect rarest eee Survey Cities Comprise Most of Nation's AIDS Cases ...........cevurersesrecsersesensusenscasnse 9 Paying for AIDS Care: Medicaid, Public Systems Cover Major Share ................... 17 HIV Testing and Counseling: More Individuals Seek Results ..........ccceeeeseueusersescne 19 Early Intervention: Waiting Lists for Public Services ........c.ocoeeisiiiiiiviiisissssssesaenns 20 Federal AIDS Drug Funds Inadequate...............cccceveucuemeemeueueururusnsrerersnssssssnsassessasances 22 Service Needs of People With HIV/AIDS. ...........ccccccorvnrrrsmenmaessarasrossassssssssssnsasasasess 24 Preventing the Spread of AIDS: Gaps Identified in Education Efforts .................. 26 Strains on Service and Prevention SyStems .............c.ccovvuereenrnrernereresseneressereseseesnenses 28 TRE FULT wvicriiseseisiseecsessnsassesssssassesenconssonssssssnsrenssss oni uem et ola ies SASRS SUR CN 29 �Executive Summary During April and May of this year, The U.S. Conference of Mayors (USCM) surveyed 26 major cities—members of the USCM Task Force on AIDS and others with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. The purpose of the survey was to assess, one decade into the epidemic, the status of AIDS in those cities most affected by the disease. Survey results reveal: Survey Cities Represent Majority of Nation's AIDS Cases. Over 56 percent of the nation’s AIDS cases are in the 26 survey cities; 51 to 66 percent of the estimated one million Americans infected with HIV are in the survey cities—508,720 to 657,421 persons. Minority Gay/bisexual Men, IV Drug Abusers, Women Increasingly Affected. The impact of AIDS varies significantly from city to city, with specific populations—including minority Gay/ bisexual men, IV drug abusers, and women— Service Needs: Local Conditions Vary. Substance abusers, the uninsured and women were identified as having the greatest service shortages. Outpatient care, substance abuse treatment and housing were the greatest service needs across all groups. Prevention Education: Programs Need Ongoing Support. The most significant gaps in prevention education efforts to date by transmission categories were identified for ma minority Gay/bi- sexual past three years. nonminority Gay/ sent 16.8 percent Racial/ethnic Groups Increasing Proportion of Cases. Racial and ethnic minorities continue to represent a disproportionate number of cases. heterosexuals. From 1987 to 1990, minorities have increased as a percentage of AIDS cases, particularly Blacks. In several cities, projections of persons infected with HIV—future AIDS cases—show a continued in- crease of minorities, particularly Blacks, as a proportion of total cases. Public Resources Cover Large Portion of Cases. Health insurance coverage estimates indicate a varying percentage of diagnosed persons are covered by Medicaid; estimates of coverage range from 31 to 66 percent of AIDS cases in cities. Waiting Lists for Early Intervention. Early inter- vention services often are characterized by long waiting lists; persons with HIV seeking access to publicly-funded early treatment systems often must wait several months. Fifty percent of cities report waiting lists for appointments at publicyfunded clinics. AIDS Drugs: Federal Funds Insufficient to Meet Local Demand. Local funds are used to provide AIDS drugs in half of surveyed cities. Seventy-six (76) percent indicate that the federal AIDS drug reimbursement program for low income persons will not meet demands this year. The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities ® men, The 26 cities experiencing the largest increases in cases over the Surveyed repre- bisexual men, and of the total U.S. Among population and raciallethnic groups, the greatest gaps were identified for Hispanics and = 56.1 percent of the total U.S. AIDS cases. Blacks. For all groups, ongoing education was the greatest need. Youth in risky situations—those on the streets, engaged inillicitdruguse and/or sex formoneyor drugs —werealso identified asa group in particular need of re-education. The need for continuing AIDS education to reinforce messages about making changes in sex and needle sharing practices was identified across all population groups. Service Systems Strained. Seventy-five percent of cities stated that service systems were experiencing strains due to the AIDS crisis—most often staffing shortages and staff burnout, and inadequate space and facilities. Prevention education systems, as well, were also facing stress in 64 percent of cities, typically because of staff shortages and burnout. Future: Local Resources Inadequate to Meet Growing Needs. None of the surveyed cities indi- cated that local funds could meet projected demand for HIV-related prevention education and health services. Often, cities were looking to funding through the Ryan White CARE Act to meet projected demands. The Uniled States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 1 �— Respondents 26 Survey Cities Anaheim (Orange County) Atlanta (Fulton County) Baltimore Boston Chicago Cleveland Dallas (Dallas County) Denver Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County) Houston Indianapolis (Marion County) Jersey City Kansas City, MO Methodology Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Minneapolis (Hennepin County) New Haven The United States Conference of Mayors surveyed 26 cities during April through May 1991, including members of the U.S. Conference of Mayors New Orleans New York City Newark Philadelphia Task Force on AIDS as well as others with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. The Task Forceis Phoenix (Maricopa County) chaired by San Francisco Mayor Art Agnos and San Diego (San Diego County) San Francisco San Juan Seattle (Seattle/King County) Tampa (Hillsborough County) was formed in 1983 in order to focus federal atten- tion to the impact of the AIDS epidemic on America’s cities. Data were collected by city and county health departmentsin thecities surveyed. Epidemiological data provided by respondents are for their local health department jurisdictions (i.e., city or county). In addition to survey information, the Conference of Mayors supplemented data with information collected from city and county applications for federal Title I Ryan White CARE Act supplemental funding. Year one funding (fiscal 1991) of Title I provides direct AIDS care funds to sixteen cities with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. Fourteen of the 16 cities which receive Title I funding are represented in this survey. aL The denominator for calculating percentages in this report is comprised of only those cities which responded to a particular question. The reader should note that in no case do percentages reported for a survey question include a city which did not respond to that question. Page 2 The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities © The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �Overview of Findings Ten years ago this month, the first cases of AIDS were reported by the federal Centers for Disease Control (CDC), reporting on five cases among Gay men in Los Angeles. Since that time, over 110,000 Americans have died of AIDS (as of the month ending April 1991). There are 174,893 cases of AIDS in the U.S. as of the month ending April 1991. An estimated 165,000 to 215,000 Americans will die of AIDS during 1991-1993, according to CDC. CDC estimates that there are one million Americans currently infected with the HIV virus. An estimated 40,000 new infections occur each year, according to CDC. The United States Conference of Mayors during April and May surveyed 26 major cities—members of the Conference of Mayors Task Force on AIDS as well as others with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. The purpose of the survey was to assess, one decade into the epidemic, the status of AIDS in America’s cities and its impact on urban health systems (see Methodology, page 2). AIDS Cases in 26 Survey Cities: - Phoenix estimates nearly 8,000 residents are HIV infected. - San Francisco estimates that 28,000 are infected with HIV. - Tampa has an estimated 7,400 HIV infected persons. Today, Five Years From Now As of the month ending February, 56.1 percent of the nation’s AIDS cases were in the 26 cities sur- veyed by the Conference of Mayors (cases reported by survey cities as of 2/28/91). (Sixty-one percent of the nation’s AIDS cases are in the 26 “Metropolitan Statistical Areas” represented by the surveyed cities; MSAs include the central city and immediate surrounding areas.) The population of survey cities represent 16.8 percent of the total U.S. population. = Fifteen cities provided estimates on the number of AIDS cases they project by the end of 1996. By that date, these cities will have experienced a 240 percentincrease—from44,518 to an estimated 151,652 cases. Today, there are an estimated 508,720 to 657,421 - persons with HIV infection who have yet to develop AIDS in the 26 cities surveyed by the Conference of Mayors. Thisrepresents 51 to 66 percent Houston estimates thatin five years there will be 27,000 cumulative AIDS cases. - Cleveland projects 6,500 cases. - Los Angeles estimates 33,000. - Boston estimates 3,341 cumulative cases in of the estimated one million infected with HIV in the U.S. as estimated by CDC. - InNew York City, from 125,000 to 235,000 are HIV infected. - In Los Angeles, an estimated 41,000 are in- fected. - five years. Populations Disproportionately Affected InSan Diego, an estimated 15-20,000 are HIV AIDS cases from 1987-90 among some categories were infected. rising relatively faster. Limited projections of future - HIV. Ft. Lauderdale estimates 21,000 people with cases in some cities point to growing proportions of cases among Blacks and women. In Baltimore, an estimated 20,000 people are HIV infected. Across select cities, between years ending 1987 and 1990, AIDS cases increased as follows: The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities © The United Stales Conference of Mayors © June 199] Page 3 �Total U.S. Population Survey Cities - 16.8", Remaining U.S. - 83.2% Total AIDS Cases* Survey Cities - 56° Remaining U.S. - 44% *As of 2/28/91 Page 4 The Impact of AIDS on America's Cilies ® The Uniled States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �e Dallas Gay/bisexual cases increased from 864 to 2,262 from 1987 to 1990. Counseling and Testing: Many Seek Results * In Anaheim, minority Gay/bisexual males increased from 43 to 165 for the years ending 198790, an increase of 283 percent. * In1990,17 percent of Houston's cases wereamong Blacks. In 1987, 12 percent were reported among Seventy-six percent of surveyed cities (of 17 responding) report an increase of from one to 500 percent or greaterin number of individuals seeking HIV counseling and testing. Indianapolis reports that the number seeking testing has stayed the same. Two cities, Minneapolisand Ft. Lauderdale, reporta decrease innum- Blacks (270 in 1987, up to 876 in 1990). * bers being tested and counseled. Eighty-five percent of the women with AIDS in Philadelphia are Latina. There were 50 Latina cases in 50 and 150 by 1990 in the city. Over the past three years, the rate of AIDS test results reported as positive from HIV counseling and testing sites (for 19 reporting cities) has decreased in 42 percent; stayed the same in 32 percent; and increased in 26 Health Insurance: AIDS Diagnosed Covered by Medicaid, Other Public Sources Researchisstill underway to determine the percentage of AIDS care costs that are covered by public and private sources. Various local studies have attempted to determine coverage of AIDS care costs, although comprehensive findingsarelacking on AIDS care costs covered by public health insurance or private insur- ance. In order to estimate the source of payment of AIDS care costs, the Conference of Mayors asked surveyed cities the following question: “What percentage of AIDS diagnosed persons in your jurisdiction do you estimate are” covered by public or private health insurance. According to surveyed cities: * Ineightof 15 cities providing data, Medicaid covers from 31 to 66 percent of AIDS diagnosed persons in those cities. * In10cities, “Other publichealthinsurance” covers from two (2) percent to 45 percent of AIDS cases (e.g., Newark, 45 percent; Los Angeles, 16 percent). * Houston, percent. Thirty-two percent of the 26 cities indicated that the majority of those who have utilized HIV counseling and testing services over the past year are primarily “generally at lower risk.” Early Intervention: Waiting Lists Exist for Services Early identification and treatment of HIV has proven effective in prolonging survival of persons with HIV infection. Cities surveyed were asked to indicate if publicly-funded HIV early intervention services existed and if there were waiting lists for services in their locales. Publicly-funded services exist in all surveyed cities, with funding coming from a variety of sources—federal, state, local, and private foundations. In 50 percent (12 of 24 cities) there were waiting lists for initial appointments at publicly funded early intervention clinics. For example: * 21 percent; In 14 cities, private insurance covered from 15 percent to 55 percent of AIDS cases (Cleveland, 55 percent; Indianapolis, 50 percent; Philadelphia, 49 percent). Newark hasawaitof3 to5 weeks for HIV immune assessment services funded by Medicaid and city welfare. Black IV drug abusers earning less than $8,500 make up the majority of those waiting for appointments. » San Diego hasawaitof4 to 6 weeks for initial HIV immune assessmentappointments at public facilities. o The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities © At the Grady Infectious Disease Clinic in Atlanta, the county hospital-run HIV clinic, there is a three month waiting period for initial HIV immune assessments. The United States Conference of Mayors June 1991 Page 5 �Prevention Education: Spending Rises, Gaps Seen AIDS Drug Treatment Money: Half of Cities Provide Local Funds One half (50 percent) of the 26 cities indicated that local funds are used to provide AIDS drugs to persons not covered by the federal/state AIDS drug reimburse- Local Prevention Spending Rises ment program. The federal AIDS drugreimbursement prevention; 60 percent (12 of 20) have increased their program will not meet the demand for AIDS drugs this year, according to 76 percent of the surveyed cities. local funds spent on AIDS prevention education. In Kansas City, MO, spending rose 100 percent over last year. InNew York City, a50 percent increase occurred. Indianapolis and Baltimore each reported 30 percent Gaps in Services: increases. Eighty percent (20 of 25 cities) use local funds for Local Conditions Define Needs The unmet service needs—and Prevention Loses Against Services the subpopulations Decisions about health spending often pit health “service” dollars against “prevention” funds. In such experiencing the greatest gaps—vary from city to city, reflecting the different characteristics of persons in- budgetary struggles, prevention often loses: its impact fected with HIV, and variations in health service delivery systems in communities. Generally, systems are is less immediate and documentable. This scenario holds true for local AIDS spending. Fifty-five percent (10 of 20 responding) indicate that the impact of de- strained and a wide range of populations have unmet needs. * mand for AIDS services has been to decrease or keep constant local funds spent on AIDS prevention education. Substance abusers were identified by 50 percent of respondents as having major service needs. The “uninsured” and women were each identified by 46 percent of respondent cities (11 of 24 providing data) as service need populations. Other populations identified most often by respondent cities as having major service needs included: the home- Gaps in Education Identified Gaps reported in prevention education efforts include the need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors;lack of successin developingeffectiveinterventions; and obstacles posed by lack of community support for HIV education for specific populations, particularly gay/bisexual minorities and substance abusers. less (42 percent, 10 of 24 cities), and the incarcerated (21 percent). Others listed included racial/ ethnic minorities, mentally ill, minority Gay/bisexual men, and Gay/bisexual adolescents. * Services most frequently listed as lacking—across all groups—were outpatient care, substance abuse treatment, and housing, followed by home care and long term care. Other categories listed included: mental health services, social services (including legal services and transportation), and case management. Infrastructure Weakens: System Seeing Strains Service Infrastructures. Seventy-five percent of cities (18 of 24) indicate that service system strains are being realized due to the AIDS crisis. Sixty-three percent (15 - Outpatient Care - Houston estimates that demand for outpatient care for indigents will increase by 48 percent from 1990 to 1991. - Substance Abuse Treatment - In Los Angeles, 38 percent of the need for resident detox programs for those with HIV is not met. - of 24 reporting) indicate service system problems with staffing, training and facility/space inadequacies. Thirty-three percent (8 of 24) listed inadequate facilities and space as a major infrastructure problem. Prevention Education Infrastructures. Sixty-four percent of cities responding (16 of 25) reported that infrastructure problems had resulted in a “negative impact on preventioneducation efforts.” Fifty-two percent listed Housing - San Francisco estimates that, over the next three years, 1,200 new housing units staffing as the most common concern (e.g., difficulty in recruiting qualified staff, retention, staff burnout, train- will be needed for people with AIDS. Page 6 The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities © The United States Conference of Mayors June 1991 �Survey Cities AIDS Cases, Percent Living Cases reported as of February 28, 1991 City # Reported % Living AIDS Cases Anaheim 1,445 36.6 Atlanta 3454 40.0 Baltimore 1,641 41.0 Boston 1,546 354 Chicago 3,552 35.0 Cleveland 506 59.0 Dallas 2,769 340 Denver 1,071 33.9 Fort Lauderdale 2,632 38.0 Houston 5,151 34.0 Indianapolis 452 45.0 Jersey City 1,106 38.0 Kansas City, MO 696 51.0 Los Angeles 11,534 32.0 Minneapolis 586 37.0 New Haven 387 32.0 New Orleans 1513 34.0 New York City 31,845 34.0 Newark 2,151 39.0 Philadelphia 2313 34.0 Phoenix 972 39.0 San Diego 2,525 38.1 San Francisco 10,055 30.0 San Juan 1,732 37.0 Seattle 1,634 42.0 Tampa 866 59.0 *** Total *** The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities 94,134 © The Uniled States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 7 �ing). Specifically, cities reported difficulty in recruiting qualified staff (i.e., those willing to work on HIV related issues or culturally sensitive staff), staff retention, and burnout. * Atlantareported that employeesremainin HIV-related posi- tions for an average s adequate to deal with future AIDS prevention and healthcare needs. ty-t Seventy-two percent have no identifiable source of funding for expansions of services and prevention efforts needed in response to growing caseloads. cent have no Only 28 percent of survey respondents had identified identifiable sources of future funds. Survey respondents often cited federal resources as a source for coping with Séventy-two per- of15to2years, mak- goyrce of funding of ing it difficult to for expansions maintain continuity in programs. ao P: rvices an prevention J Houston cited diffi- > needed future caseloads. Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, or Jersey City, and San Diego specifically refer to Ryan White CARE Act funds as a needed resource. efforts in re- * Baltimore will look to state and federal medical assistance, research money,and Ryan White CARE Act Title I funds to cover needed expansions. * Boston has no identified source of funding future culties in recruiting gponge to growErneual/ bicultural zg caseloads. needs but rather states that “only limited federal fundshavebeenidentified through the CARE Act. With the potential dismantling of state Medicaid optional services (as proposed in the current state The Future: Increasing Cases, Lack of Funds budget), services will be cut, not expanded.” All respondents indicated that local resources are in- Page 8 The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities © The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �Surveyed Cities Comprise Majority of Nation’s AIDS Cases As of the month ending February 1991, 56.1 percent of the nation’s AIDS cases were in the 26 cities surveyed by the Conference of Mayors. (When totalling the number of cases in the surveyed cities by the 26 “Metropolitan Statistical Areas” (MSAs) of those cities, which include the surrounding suburban cities/areas, the 26 MSAs account for 61 percent of the nation’s total AIDS cases.) Among the 26 cities surveyed, 94,134 cases were reported through the month ending February 1991 (over 167,803 had been reported in the nation). In 1990 alone, 16,364 cases were reported in these 26 cities. Approximately 34 percent of the cumulative AIDS cases in the 26 cities surveyed are living. Persons living with AIDS require a range of often costly care and services as episodic debilitating opportunistic infections weaken the immune system. Perspective on Epidemic: Five Years Ago, Projections for 1996 e San Francisco estimates that 28,000 are infected with HIV. Five years ago, by the end of 1986, 25,048 AIDS cases had been reported in the 26 surveyed cities. e Tampa has an estimated 7,350 HIV infected persons. In 1996, five years from now, an estimated 151,652 cumulative AIDS cases will have been reported in only 15 of the surveyed cities providing these data. Below the Tip of the Iceberg: Persons Infected With HIV Today, there are an estimated 508,720 to 657 421 per- sons with HIV infection in the 26 cities. Thisrepresents 51 to 66 percent of the CDC-estimated one million infected with HIV in the U.S. * InNew York City, from 125,000 to 235,000 are HIV infected. * In Los Angeles, an estimated 41,000 are infected. * Projections: Significant Increases in AIDS Cases, HIV Infected Persons Fifteen cities provided estimates on the number of AIDS cases they project by the end of 1996. By that date, these cities will have experienced a 240 percent increase—from 44,518 to an estimated 151, 652 cases. * ton will havean estimated 44,400 to 68,000 persons with HIV infection. * LosAngelesprojects33,000 cumulative AIDS cases by 1996. The city estimates 35,000 HIV infected by 1996. * (Cleveland estimates 6,500 cumulative casesin 1996. Ft. Lauderdale estimates 6,175 to 30,876 people with HIV. * In Baltimore, an estimated 20,000 people are HIV infected. * Phoenixestimates 7,651 residentsare The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities Houston estimates that in five years there will be 27,000 cumulative cases of AIDSin the city. Hous- Projections are that the city will have 20,000 HIV infected by 1996. HIV infected. ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991] Page 9 �Rg Survey Cities Estimated Number of HIV Infected as of February 28, 1991 City Estimated Number, Source of of HIV Infected Estimate Anaheim 14,000 A Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago 50,000 20,000 11,028 14,000 ABCEG AG BG Cleveland 15,000 G Dallas Denver Fort Lauderdale Houston Indianapolis 5,000-10,000 10,000 6,175-30,876 30,000 2,200 G A A ABEFG Jersey City 16,590 Kansas City, MO 5,000-8,000 G Los Angeles Minneapolis 41,000 5,500 BDEG BEG New Haven New Orleans New York Newark 3,096 15,130 125,000-235,000 23,000-27,000 A EFG G G Philadelphia 20,000 A Phoenix 7,651 A San Diego San Francisco San Juan Seattle 15,000-20,000 28,000 9,000 10,000 ABEG BDEG G AG Tampa 7,350 AB *%* Total *** 508,720-657, 421 HIV Infection Estimates: Report Key =! | A - Extrapolation from national (i.e., CDC) estimates i B - Testing of local STD clinic patients C - Prison intake screening in your jurisdiction D - Screening of military recruits in your jurisdiction E - Testing of IVDUs in your jurisdiction F - Testing of homeless persons in your jurisdiction G - Other - Page 10 The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors ® June 1991 �AIDS Impact Varies By City, Changing Over Time a greater variation from national averages. Background Lower Percents, Higher Numbers Gay/Bisexual Men: More Cases Among Minority Gays While Gay/bisexual males still comprise the largest number of AIDS cases nationwide, many cities’ AIDS caseloads vary significantly from the national average and are experiencing disproportionate growth in dif- ferent case categories, such as Gay/bisexual minorities, IV drug users, racial and ethnic minorities, women, pediatrics and hard-to-reach populations, such as the homeless and youth in risky situations. In some cities, the overwhelming number of cases are IV drug use related. In others, Gay/bisexual AIDS cases comprise the majority. In some, women comprise a much greater percentage of city cases than the national average. Proportions of cases among racial/ ethnic minorities also vary. Gay/bisexual men comprise from 13 percent (Newark) to 85 percent (Anaheim, San Francisco, and Seattle) of total AIDS cases in individual cities surveyed. Nationally, 59 percent of cases are among Gay/bisexual men. From 1987 to 1990, cases attributable to Gay /bisexual transmission decreased from 70.9 percent to 66 percent of total cases in the 22 survey cities reporting for both periods. For the 22 cities with 1987 and 1990 data: * In 1987, 22,747 cases were reported by surveyed cities providing data. In 1990, 53,529 cases were reported, an increase of 42 percent. As of the year ending 1990, in the various transmission categories, theaverage of the data collected fromthe 26 cities surveyed corresponds closely to national data, with Gay/ bisexual transmission higher in the26 cities. * In 1990, Minneapolis had the highest percentage of its cases reported among Gay/bisexual men, at 90 percent of total city cases; Newark had the lowest at 13 percent. * e From 1987-90, Los Angeles’ AIDS cases among Gay/bisexual men remained relatively stable as a percentage of total Los Angeles AIDS cases—85 Nationally, Gay/bisexual transmission comprises 59 percent of total of adult/adolescent cases as of 1990. The proportion of Gay/bisexual transmission among the 26 cities surveyed is higher, at 64 percent to 84 percent—although actual cases increased from 4,238 to 8,859. percent. e IVDUs comprise 22 percent of the nation’s adult/ adolescent AIDS cases. In the 26 survey cities, they also comprise 22 percent of cases. * Dallas Gay/bisexual cases increased from 75 percent to 83 percent of the city’s cases (864 to 2,262 from 1987-90). * Gay/bisexual IV drug abusers are seven percent of surveyed city cases, and seven percent nation- * The most significant percentage decrease was in Baltimore, where 66 percent of the city’s cases wereamong Gay/bisexual menin 1987;in1990,46 percent were in this category. This occurred because, although Baltimore's Gay/bisexual AIDS cases tripled over 1987-90, IV drug abuse cases increased dramatically. ally. * Racial and ethnic breakdown of AIDS cases nationally through 1990 is as follows: whites (54.8 percent), Blacks (28.2 percent), Hispanics (15.9 percent), Asian/PacificIslanders (0.6 percent), and Native Americans (0.1 percent). Among the 26 cities surveyed, the racial/ethnic breakdown closely follows the national percentages: whites (54 percent), Blacks (27.3 percent), Hispanics (17.8) (as compared to 15.9 percent of national cases reported as Hispanics), Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.8 percent) and Native Americans (0.1 percent). Gay Minority Cases Up. An increasing number of AIDS cases are occurring among minority Gay/bisexual men in select cities. * SanFranciscoreported 518 minority Gay/bisexual cases as of 1987; in 1990, 1,316 were reported, an increase of 154 percent. An examination of individual cities, however, reveals The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities © The Uniled States Conference of Mayors © June 199] Page 11 �* drug abuse cases were in the survey cities. In Seattle, from 1987 to 1990 cases increased from 52 to 147, a 182 percent increase. * e In New New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles reported the largest number of cases among Gay/ bisexual IV drug abusers. From 1987 to 1990, Houston's cases among Gay/bisexual IV drug users rose from 203 to 464 cases, This represented no change in the proportion of Houston's AIDS cases (nine percent) but a 129 percent increase in cases. York City, 2,491 cases were reported through 1987 among minority Gays; 5,680 were reported through 1990, cumulative, a 128 percent increase. IV Drug Abusers: Increasing Proportion of Total » Seattle reports an increase in cases of Gay/bi- sexual IVDUs from 60 to 148 over 1987 to 1990, a From 1987 to 1990, IV drug use transmission increased 147 percent increase. asa percentage of total cases among 22 surveyed cities providing data for both periods—from 15.8 percent in 1987 to 20 percent in 1990. AIDS: Increasingly Among Minority Populations In 1990, 54 percent of the nation’s IV drug abuse AIDS cases were in the 26 survey cities. A significant and growing proportion of cases are * among minorities, particularly Gay/bisexual ity men, substance abusers, and women. Baltimore, Ft. Lauderdale, Houston, Kansas City, MO, New Orleans, San Diego, San Juan, and Tampa all experienced atleast a four-fold increase in cases of IVDUs from 1987 to 1990. ¢ e e In 1990, Newark had the highest proportion of cases reported among IV drug abusers, 69 percent of thecity’s total cases. Jersey City (65 percent) and New Haven (56 percent) were the next highest. * In 1987, 22 percent of survey city cases (in 20 surveyed cities providing data for both time periods) were among Blacks; in 1990, this had in- creased to 27.2 percent. * In 1987, 15.9 percent of survey city cases were among Hispanics. In 1990, Hispanics comprised 17.8 percent of AIDS cases in surveyed cities. In Houston in 1987, two percent of cases were among IV drug abusers. By the end of 1990, five percent of cases were in this category, an increase of 473 percent (from 45 to 258 cases). * minor- Fifty-three percent of the nation’s cumulative 1990 Black cases were in the survey cities, while 62 percent of the nation’s cumulative 1990 Hispanic cases were in survey cities. Sixty-nine percent of Newark’s cumulative cases in 1990 were IV drug users. (Newark estimates that50 percent ofits approximately 15,0001V drug users are HIV infected.) Blacks Anestimated 60 percent of New York City IV drug users are infected with HIV. Nationally, Blacks comprise 28 percent of AIDS cases as of December 30, 1990. The percentage of cases reported among Blacks ranged from 2.6 percent in Anaheim to 85 percent in Newark. Gay/Bisexual/IV Drug Abuse * In 1990, 66 percent of New Haven'’s total cases wereamong Blacksand 13 percentamong Hispanics. In 1987, those percentages were 66 and 15, respectively. * In 1990, 17 percent of Houston's total cases were among Blacks; 11 percent were among Hispanics. In 1987, 12 percent were among Blacks and 10 percent among Hispanics. For the year ending 1987, among 22 surveyed cities providing data, 7.6 percent of cases were reported among Gay/bisexual IV drug abusers. By the end of 1990, this had fallen slightly to seven percent of total cases in surveyed cities. Fifty-four percent of the nation’s Gay/bisexual/IV Page 12 The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors June 1991 �Number of Cumulative Diagnosed AIDS Cases in Survey Cities, by Transmission Category, for Years Ending 1987 and 1990 The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 199] Page 13 �s e In Anaheim, 12.5 percent of AIDS cases are Hispanic; an estimated 17 percent of the HIV infected in Anaheim are Hispanic. ¢ San Francisco reports 8.3 percent of its AIDS cases among Hispanics but estimates that 12 percent of the HIV infected are Hispanic. Fifty-five (55) percent of Philadelphia’s cumulative AIDS cases are among Blacks. Three years ago, 51 percent were among Blacks. Future: Estimates on HIV Infection Among Blacks A select number of surveyed cities provided estimates on the racial/ethnic breakdown of their HIV infected populations. In several cities, an increasing proportion of the estimated HIV infected are Black as compared to current AIDS cases. * * Asian/Pacific Islanders * InSeattle, 1.6 percent of thecity’s AIDS cases were among Asian/Pacific Islanders in 1990. In Houston, 17 percent of current cases are among Blacks. An estimated 26 percentof Houston's HIV infected persons are Black, according to local estimates. among Asian/Pacific Islanders. Native American Eighty-five percent of Newark’s AIDS cases are Black; 95 percent of the HIV infected are estimated to be Black. * Fifty-two Native American AIDS cases were reported in Houston in 1990. * Los Angeles had 16 Native American AIDS cases in 1990. Hispanics Nationally, Hispanics make up 16 percent of the total AIDS cases. * Women: An Increasing Proportion of Cases Intheyearending 1990, the percentage of Hispan- Nationally, 10.5 percent of AIDS cases are among women. ics among the total number of surveyed city AIDS cases ranged In San Francisco in 1990, 1.9 percent (188 cases) were (from one percent in Baltimore, 98 percent in San Juan, 18.8 percent in Los Angeles and 27 percent in New York. * Among surveyed cities, Newark has the highest proportion of its cases among women: 32 percent of diagnosed AIDS cases as of the month ending February 1991. * New Haven is second among reporting surveyed cities, with 28 percent of its cases among women. s Jersey City reports 23.5 percent are female AIDS cases. * San Juan is fourth: 21 percent are among women. Future: Estimates on HIV Infection Among Hispanics * Baltimore reports that 17.6 percent are among women—the fifth highest among surveyed cities. For estimates provided by cities onracial /ethnicbreakdown of HIV infected persons, several cities project a greater proportion of their HIV infected populations will be Hispanic as compared to current city AIDS cases. Future: Estimated Women with HIV Infection * Eighty-five (85) percent of the women in Philadelphia with AIDS are Latina. * In Dallas, there were 56 cases among Hispanics in 1987; in 1990, 182 Hispanic cases were reported, a 225% increase. * Boston's Hispanic cases increased from 40 to 124 over 1987 to 1990, a 210 percent increase. Page 14 The Impact of AIDSon America's Cities Projections for the male/female proportions for estimated HIV infected populations also point to future increased cases of AIDS among women. ® The Uniled States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �on oO oO [= o oo o o oo 4 Jrrrry ~~ on [=] [=] oo oo [=] o — [24 oO oO oo — oOo oo [=] oo TT rTT TTT ! (! oO oo J \ aay or oO oO o TTT TY T n [=] TT TT \ [=Y (+) [9 oO T SS wD [EY SS Lo} [=3 SS =] o [¥1Y ~~ n or oO [LE Li [J LP a L/L LL Li Li AN a oe > 2 Bm wm =S 500% Number of Cumulative Diagnosed AIDS Cases in Survey Cities, by Race/Ethnicity, for Years Ending 1987 and 1990 The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities © The United Safes Conference of Mayors © June 199] Page 15 �e Houston estimates that 155 percent of the HIV infected in the city are women; only four percent of the city’s cumulative AIDS diagnosed cases are ¢ women. * Tampa reported seven heterosexual casesin 1987; by 1990, that total had risen to 57. InNew York City, 1073 cases by 1990 were among heterosexuals. * Current San Juan cases are 21 percent female. Officials there estimate that 28 percent of the city’s HIV infected are women. * e Ft. Lauderdale reports 322 cases by 1990. Philadelphia's heterosexual coases rose fromsix to 67 from 1987 to 1990. Heterosexual Pediatric Cases (0 - 12 years) Heterosexual AIDS cases are a low but increasing proportion of AIDS cases in surveyed cities. Nationally, five percent of cases are reported as occurring In 1987 there were 762 cases of AIDS among children under 12 yearsin 22 surveyed cities providing data; for 1987 and 1990. By 1990 there were 1,564 cases, an increase of 105 percent. As HIV increases among through heterosexual transmission. * Houston heterosexual cases rose from 23 for the year ending 1987 to 155 by the end of 1990. women, the number of children born with the disease will also rise. The Face of AIDS in America’s Cities Varies National statistics on AIDS present a composite picture of AIDS cases in the U.S. In individual cities, however, the face of AIDS may vary greatly from national statistics. For example: national figures show that by the month ending February 1990, 59 percent of all AIDS is caused are related to Gay/bisexual transmission, 22 percent through IV drug use. Blacks comprise 28 percent of the total and Hispanics 16 percent. Nationally, 10.5 percent of cases are among women. In cities, for the month ending February 1990: ® In Jersey City, 23 percent of the AIDS cases are among women. '» Newark estimates that 95 percent of the HIV infected population is Black; currently, 85 percent of the city’s : ® In Seattle, 85 percent of the AIDS cases are among Gay/ bisexual males. Women account for two percent of cases. Fourteen percent of cases are among minorities. Ce In Dallas, 70 percent of the AIDS cases are among white Gay/ bisexual men; 13 percent are among minority Gay/bisexual men. ‘* Denver estimates that 64 percent of the HIV infected population is white; 82 percent of the AIDS cases are ~ among whites. Ninety-eight (98) percent of the AIDS cases in Denver are among men. . By the end of 1990, half of New Haven’s AIDS cases were among IV drug abusers. Page 16 The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June | 991 �Paying for AIDS Care: Medicaid, Public Systems Carry Heavy Burden Background In order to estimate the source of payment of AIDS care costs, the Conference of Mayors asked surveyed cities the following question: “What percentage of AIDS diagnosed persons in your jurisdiction do you estimate are” covered by public or private health insurance. According to 15 surveyed cities providing data (out of 26 surveyed cities): * Medicaid coverage ranged from 31 to 66 percent of AIDS diagnosed persons in those cities (e.g., Houston, 66 percent; Denver, San Diego and Indianapolis, 50 percent each; Cleveland, 40 percent; Chicago, 35 percent). * In10cities, “Other public health insurance” covers from two (2) percent to 45 percent of AIDS cases (e.g., Newark, 45 percent; Houston, 21 percent; Los Angeles, 16 percent). * In 14 cities, private insurance covered from 15 percent to 55 percent of AIDS cases (Cleveland, 55 percent; Indianapolis, 50 percent; Philadelphia, 49 percent; Los Angeles, 37 percent; Jersey City, 20 percent; Newark, 15 percent). Medicaid Pays Disproportionate Share uncompensated care; state funds; or private resources. The percent of persons diagnosed with AIDS covered by Medicaid ranges from 31-66 percent in the cities surveyed. City estimates on AIDS diagnosed persons not covered by public or private health insurance included: * Chicago, with 35 percent uninsured; ¢ In Baltimore, an estimated 30 percent; ered. * Minneapolis, where 29 percent are uninsured; * Sixty percent of Jersey City’s cases are covered under Medicaid. * Denver, 25 percent; * San Diego reports that 50 percent of cases are Medicaid covered. * San Diego, with 20 percent are uninsured; * Boston, 15 percent uninsured; and Newark, 13 percent. * In Houston, 66 percent of cases are Medicaid cov- * In Boston and Cleveland, 45 percent and 40 percent, respectively, are covered under Medicaid. * * Medicaid covers 30 percent of the AIDS care costs in Baltimore; 50 percent of Baltimore's costs are completely uncovered by public or private health Local Government Costs insurance (see below, The Uninsured). occur through earmarked local funds for AIDS care, as well as through uncompensated costs made through payments typically to publichospitalsand other mechanisms in hospitals such as: cost-cutting measures in The Uninsured Persons not insured by public or private health insurance may have their costs covered by self-pay; local funds, particularly to public hospitals to provide for The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities Local government payment of AIDS care costs can © other hospital services, cross subsidies from private paying patients, draining of capital funds, and drawing down of hospital reserves. The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 17 �which 75 percent is uncompensated care and 25 percent paid for with local funds. Chicago reports that 35 percent of AIDS cases are uninsured, of which 40 percent are costs paid by local government and 40 percent are uncompensated. In Chicago and Cook County, HIV-related medical expenses are projected to increase by 252 percent between 1989 and 1994. City and county HIV expenditures are estimated to reach $317 million by 1994, of which 45 percent will be nonreimbursable and shifted to local government or absorbed by service providers. InSan Diego, 20 percent are uninsured; 50 percent of these costs are covered by local funds and 30 percent are uncompensated. In Cleveland, five percent of AIDS care costs are uninsured,of which90 percentare uncompensated. In Boston, 15 percent of costs are uninsured, of which 50 percent are uncompensated and 10 percent are city funds. Ten percent of the costs of the medically indigent are covered by the federal gov- In Newark, 13 percent of cases are uninsured, of which 95 percent are covered by local funds. Baltimore reports that 50 percent of AIDS cases are uninsured. Of this, 75 percent is uncompensated and 20 percent is paid for with other, federal research funds. Five percent is covered by private resources. * In Minneapolis, 29 percent are not insured, ernment, through HRSA and BHCDA funds. Twenty percent are state funds (i.e, general relief, state). Seattle estimates that seven percent of cases are uninsured, of which 30 percent is uncompensated care. of Health Insurance Coverage of Persons Diagnosed with AIDS estimated percentages City Covered by or eligible Covered by other public for health insurance Medicaid Privately Other * Insured Baltimore 30.0 10.0 30.0 30.0 Boston 45.0 100 30.0 15.0 Chicago 350 0 30.0 35.0 Cleveland 40.0 0 55.0 5.0 Denver 50.0 0 25.0 25.0 Houston 66.0 21.0 ad vd Indianapolis 50.0 0 50.0 0 Jersey City 60.0 20.0 20.0 0 Los Angeles 39.0 16.0 37.0 8.0 Minneapolis*** 31.0 0 26.0 29.0 Newark 27.0 45.0 15.0 13.0 Philadelphia 39.0 20 49.0 10.0 San Diego 50.0 10.0 30.0 200 San Francisco 480 20 45.0 50 Seattle 360 80 38.0 120 ® The United States Conference of Mayors peraomsis Page 18 The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cilies © June 1991 �Testing and Counseling: More Seek Results Background rate of HIV positive test results remained constant. As the efficacy of early intervention services becomes more evident, public education campaigns stressing the importance of HIV testing have been carried out at the local and national level. Survey results show that more people are seeking HIV counseling and testing services. Ofthel7citiesreporting onchangesin demand for HIV testing, 82 percent (14 cities) experienced an increase in demand for testing and counseling services, ranging from one percent in San Francisco to 500 percent in San Juan. Indianapolis reported that demand for testing remained constant. Two cities (Ft. Lauderdale and Minneapolis) experienced a decrease in percentages of per- sonsseeking HIV testing and counseling services,38 percent and 10 percent, respectively. * For the nineteen cities reporting on the rate of HIV+ test results over the past three years: - - 42 percent (eight cities) reported a decrease in the rate of HIV positive results from testing and counseling sites over the past three years. The decrease ranged from one percentin Anaheim to 40 percent in San Juan. Other cities reporting a decrease include: Dallas, Houston, Kansas City, MO, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, and Seattle. in32percentof the cities (sixrespondents), the The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities 26 percent (five cities) reported the ratee of people testing HIV positive has increased. The number of HIV positive test results over the last three years increased by 60 percentin New Orleans; 50 percent in Boston and New Haven; 12 percent in Tampa; and one percent in Baltimore. Increased Numbers Vary Widely * - ® Testing People at Disproportionate Risk Cities were asked to characterize the majority of persons receiving HIV testing and counseling services over the past year as either at “disproportionate” risk or generally at lower risk. Of the 26 responding, 69 percent reported that individuals at “disproportionate” risk of AIDS comprise the majority tested. For the 32 percent reporting that a majority seeking testing are “generally at lower risk,” cities attributed the failure of greater numbers of people at disproportionate risk to seek counseling and testing services to: fear of confidentiality breaches, lack of protection against discrimination, inability to deal emotionally with HIV positivity, distrust of government bureaucracy, and concerns that universal HIV reporting will be mandated (name reporting). Two cities (Seattle and San Juan) indicating a large increase in those being tested for HIV also reported that the majority of those tested were “generally at lower risk.” The United Stales Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 19 �Early Intervention Background Early identification and treatment of HIV has proven effective in prolonging survival of persons with HIV infection. These services are not widely available to the HIV infected population. Services can range from an immune system assessment (e.g., T-cell count, white blood cell counts, platelet counts) to determine at what stage an individual isin the disease spectrum, to treatments including prophylactic drugs, management of opportunistic infections and a range of supportive services (e.g., psychosocial support, assistance in the modification of high risk behaviors, case management). In many cities there is direct referral from testing and counseling sites to early intervention services. Many early intervention programs have been overwhelmed since program operations began and have been forced to establish waitinglists forappointments. Newly established clinics must deal with abacklog of patients and itis difficult to catch up and meet increasing demand, especially if lack of funding permits clinics to be open only on a limited basis (one or two times a week). Waiting Lists Reported Indianapolis provides early intervention services with Medicaid funds and at the local county hospital for theindigent. There is a two week wait for Cities surveyed were asked to indicate if waiting lists services. Low income gay males (50% white, 50% for early intervention services existed in their locales: 50 percent (12 of 24 cities) reported delays in schedul- Black) are primarily those waiting for services. SRS grpointments: * e ¢ e * In Houston, initial assessments are readily available but the service system is so overwhelmed that no services are offered to asymptomatic individuals. Tr apna jn Atlanta, z the county hospi- tal-run HIV clinic, e In Dallas, clients may have to wait one week for ser- In Anaheim, 300 people are waiting up to two weeks to receive services. Ninety-five percent of the people on the waiting list are medically indi- vices and the wait- there is a three month waiting period for initial immune system ing list for public assessments. services may containup to20 people. Among those waiting for appointments there is a disproportionate representation of IV drug users, heterosexuals, Hispanics, Blacks and low to mod- TheNew Haven Health Department provides HIV case management services. To schedule an initial appointment takes six weeks for adults and one month for children. erate income individuals. e San Diego has a wait of 4 to 6 weeks for initial appointments at publicly funded clinics. Atthe Grady Infectious Disease Clinic in Atlanta, the county hospital-run HIV clinic, there is a three month waiting period for initial immune system assessments. Newark has a wait of 3 to 5 weeks for early intervention services (immune system assessment and prophylactic treatment) funded by Medicaid and In San Francisco, the wait for scheduling an initial appointment forearly intervention servicesranges city welfare. Black IV drug users earning less than $8,500 make up the majority of those waiting for from two to six weeks. There are 50 - 100 HIV infected individuals waiting for appointments. appointments. The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities At the Grady Infectious Disease and state funded early intervention In New York City the wait for an appointment ranges from 2 to 6 weeks. Page 20 Orleans, there is a 32 week wait for federally gent. * In New ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �Future Numbers of HIV Infected Will Overwhelm Systems Examples of the number of HIV+ individuals receiving publicly funded early intervention services include: Projections concerning the number of HIV infected * individuals indicate that early intervention services will be in even In Philadelphia, with higher demand. In an estimated 24,000 = in need of early fbn for example, with an estimated 24,000 in interv ention $er- need of early inter- vices, the city estimates that Ryan vention services, the city estimates White CARE Act Title I funding will serve only one percent of the asymptomatic HIV infected population. that Ryan CARE Act 100 clients in Baltimore partially funded by Medicaid, STD program funds and through research grants. e 151 clients in Seattle funded by federal HRSA funds and state funds. Seattle is beginning a promotional campaign to increase public awareness of the availability of the program. * 180 clients in Cleveland are partially funded by Medicaid and by public funds at the Free Medical Clinic Early Intervention Program. The number of clients increased by 25 percent over the past year. * 500 clients in Dallas are funded by Medicaid and other public funds for the Parkland HIV Qutpatient Clinic. e 200 clients in Houston receive immune system assessments in three clinics funded by the state and Harris County. * 500clientsin San Diego receive services funded by HRSA and state funds. e 1000 clients in Anaheim are funded by HRSA demonstration funds and state early intervention White Title I funding willassure services for only one percent of the asymptomaticHIV ARE popula- 10Nn. Publicly Funded Early Intervention Services Publicly funded early intervention services exist in all of the cities surveyed. Early intervention services are funded by a variety of source in the 26 cities surveyed including HRSA Demonstration Grants, the State /Federal Drug Reimbursement Program, state funds, local funds (e.g., public hospitals, community health centers), private founda- funds; e tions and through the use of research funds (clinical trials). It is difficult to track the total number of HIV+ individuals receiving early intervention services in cities because individuals may receive care at private, non profit agencies. Those with private insurance will receive services from their own physicians. The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities ® 1850 clients in San Juan are funded by HRSA demonstration funds, a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and local city funds. The number of clients increased 50% over last year. * 400clients receive publicly funded early intervention services in San Francisco. These services are funded by Medicaid and Medi-Cal (state funds). The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 21 �Federal AIDS Drug Funds Inadequate: Half of Cities Cover Drug Costs Background State AIDS drug reimbursement— which pays for AZT (Retrovir) and other pharmaceuticals for low income, non- ‘Medicaid eligible persons with HIV disease—is a federally funded program begun in fiscal year 1987 to provide formula grant funds to the states. The program was initiated by the Congress because of the high annual cost of AZT therapy. States determine their own income eligibility levels, which drugs to cover under their program, and theirown method of operation. Beginning in fiscal year 1991, this program was incorporated into Title Il of the Ryan White CARE Act of 1990, making it one of four eligible activities to carryout under this authority. Generally, these programs are operated by the state government, utilizing a variety of mechanisms to provide therapeutics. Although AZT costs have come down since 1987, AZT and other AIDS drug costs continue to be significant. A typical AIDS patient's annual costs for AZT is $2,000-$3,000. (One manufacturer of pentamidine, a preventive therapy for the most common opportunistic AIDS-related illness, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, has raised the price of the drug by 400 percent according to the state of New York Department of Consumer Affairs.) [|]H H esidenfs e on State Drug Programs 1,231 city residents. Because the AIDS drug reimbursement [PAYEE administered by states, many respondent cities were unable to docuFifty percent of reee number spondents utilized local funds to pro- ying drugs undertheirstatepro- vide AIDS drugs Brame to persons not covered by the federal/state AIDS dr ai ugireim: In Houston, oR a 50 ES percent increase occurred over ; : To ast year, with the program currently covering Only 14 * InLos Angeles,1,650 city residents were receiving AZT in the state program. ° ganeim increased by 30 percent, to 413 city resients. Other cities experiencing increases included: cities could provide data. Twelve stated there were e Cleveland (up 25 percent, to 23 persons); bursement program. numberofpersons increases in the * Tampa (20 percent increase, to 275 persons); ; ; ranging from five to 100 percent. covered last year, San Diego and San * Denver (15 percent over last year, to 424 city residents). Juan were the only two cities indicating noincreasesin the number of persons covered by their state drug * reimbursement programs; cases of AIDS increased in both cities, however. : $66,276.83 ; ¢ Seattle experienced a 100 percent increase in the number of city residents covered under the state AZT drug reimbursement program, currently covThe Impact of AIDS on America's Cilies claims) to InNewark, the number of people on the program also doubled, 78 to 157, from September 1989 to September 1990. Costs increased from $104,197 (for 485 prescription claims in 88-89) to $181,185 (1,034 claims in 89-90). ering 252 persons. Page 22 (for 357 prescription $104,626.27 (788 claims). City experiences with AIDS drug reimbursement were as follows: : : : * In Jersey City, the number of people on the pro- gram doubled, from 50 to 100, from September 1989 to September 1990. Costs increased from ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �Local Funds Used to Pay for AIDS Drugs Federal Drug Funds Won't Meet Fifty (50) percentof respondents (13 of 26) indicate that they utilized local funds to provide drugs to persons Seventy-six percent (20 of 26) indicated that the federal with AIDS and HIV infection who were not covered by the federal /state AIDS drug reimbursement program. demand for AIDS drugs in their cities this year. Minneapolis reports that “everyone who meets requirements” is in the program. By contrast, other cities Demand This Year in Most Cities However, only three (3) could provide data on the cost of these programs; difficulties cited in collecting data included the fact that drug expenses are not broken down by patient diagnosis. AIDS drug reimbursement program will not meet the report: * Boston states that the state’s federal AIDS drug reimbursement program “will run out of money in In New Haven, drugs are provided as part of medical benefits to city welfare recipients but no breakdown in costs are available for HIV drugs. Newark, under mid-year.” * New Haven states that the “program underfunded and only provides AZT.” ¢ San Diego reports that the “projected shortfall is expected to be $150,000” by the end of June. general assistance, pays for AIDS drugs, for which their is no dollar figure. Three (3) cities providing data on the amount of local funds expended, included: Denver ($650,000, an increase of 15 percent over last year); New Orleans (4 percent above last year); and Tampa ($78,000 or 15 percent above last year’s expenditures). is Federal Funds: Ryan White Act Called a “Band-aid, Not a Bailout” In 1990, the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act (CARE) of 1990 was passed overwhelmingly by the Congress, bringing the federal government's AIDS service dollars under a unified legislative package. Authorized at$275 million in fiscal year 1990, Title I of the Act, which provides funding directly to cities most affected by the AIDS epidemic, received $87.8 million (32 percent of the authorized level). Title II, also receiving $87.8 million of its $275 million authorization, gla or) fon AIDS services through the states. § One city official referred to the Ryan White CARE Act as “a band-aid, nota bail-out” : In its FY91 supplemental competitive application for funding, Boston s Ry: identified $10 in care needs for every dollar received in Title I funds. ‘San Diego" $6.1 million of unmet needs. Two more cities, Baltimore and Oakland, will Bema ee fox Title I ¢ undir for an as yet unknown amount of funds. The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cilies © The United States Conference of Mayors June 1991 Page 23 �Service Needs of People With AIDS: Local Conditions Define Gaps Background = Persons with HIV / AIDS have a range of service needs, depending on the stage and specific manifestation of their HIV illness. Inpatient hospital care comprises only one part of the spectrum of service needs of persons with AIDS and reflects management of the periodic and debilitating opportunistic infections that overtake a person with AIDS. Ongoing service needs, those that help in avoiding hospitalization, include: home care, housing, ongoing outpatient care, case management, mental health, substance abuse treatment, and social services (e.g., food, advocacy). Most Common listed as lacking—across all groups—were outpa- Gaps tient care, substance abuse treatment, and hous- ing, followed by home care and long term care. Cities were asked to identify specific populations of persons diagnosed with AIDS for whom services are lacking. Cities were also asked to identify which services are most needed, but are currently unavailable. Twenty-four of 25 surveyed citiesresponded that services were lacking for some population. Other categories listed included: mental health services, social services (including legal services and transportation), and case management. Populations With Greatest Gaps e The unmet service needs—and the subpopulations experiencing the greatest gaps—vary from city to city, reflecting the different characteristics of AIDS caseloads, persons infected and health service delivery systems in communities. Substance Abusers - Twelve cities list substance abusers as a service population in need. Services identified most frequently as lacking are substance abuse treatment, and housing, followed by home Generally, systems are care, case management, outpatient health care, and social services. strained, with a wide range of populations with unmet needs and services lacking. - Houston lists minority IV drug users as a service need population. In describing service For example, in Kansas City, MO, all groups were identified ashaving service gaps, asdetermined by the city’s Ryan White Title II planning process. In New Orleans, racial and ethnic minorities in general were identified as populations lacking services. Cleveland identified Hispanic persons with AIDSasa population needs, Houston explains that the system is overwhelmed in all areas for everyone. However, minority substance abusers (as well as women and the homeless) have an especially hard time accessing care. in need. o Groups in Greatest Need. Substance abusers were identified by 50 percentofrespondents asa service need population. The “uninsured” and women were each identified by 46 percent of respondent cities (11 of 24 providing data) as service need populations. Other populations identified most oftenby respondent cities ashaving unmet service needs included: the homeless (42 percent, 10 of 24 Newark lists substance abuse treatment, long term care, and mental health services as top needs of substance abusers. * Women - Home care, housing, long term care, outpatient care, and mental health were most frequently listed as service needs. cities), and the incarcerated (21 percent). Others - According to New Haven, “support forwomen with HIV who are caregivers is sorely lacking.” - In Ft. Lauderdale, these services for women and children are described as “sorely lack- listed included racial/ethnic minorities, mentally ill, minority Gay/bisexual men, and Gay/bisexual adolescents. e 3 Services Most Lacking. Services most frequently Page 24 The Impactof AIDS on America’s Cities ng. ® ” The United States Conference of Mayors ® June 1991 �- Housing for women with HIV, case management, and outpatient health care are the top identified needs in Indianapolis. - In Newark, social services, substance abuse treatment, and home care are the top three service needs. In New York City, close to 5,000 women have AIDS; 16-20,000 children will lose their mothers from AIDS by 1993 in the city. Houstonreports the city has the highest prevalence of HIV in Texas among women of childbearing age. Services Most Often Lacking Services most frequently listed as lacking—across all groups—were outpatient care, substance abuse treatment, and housing, followed by home care and long term care. Other categories listed included: mental health services, social services (including legal services and transportation), and case management. * Substance Abuse Treatment - In Los Angeles, 38 percent of the need for resident detox programs for those with HIV is not met. * Housing - San Francisco estimates that, over the next three years, 1,200 new housing units will be needed for people with AIDS. * Home Care - In 1989 in Houston, 78 percent of AIDS patients discharged from the hospital were without any home care service. * Outpatient Care - Houston estimates that demand for outpatient care forindigents will increase by 48 percent from 1990 through 1991. * Mental Health - In Chicago this year, 87 percent of the 642 persons estimated to seek mental health Uninsured - Home care, outpatient care,and housing are most frequently identified as service needs for the uninsured. - Housing, case management, and outpatient care are top identified needs for the uninsured in Indianapolis. - Outpatient care is “seriously lacking” for the uninsured in Ft. Lauderdale. - Chicago identifies outpatient care as a top need for the uninsured. services will receive none, despite Ryan White CARE Act funds. Homeless - Housing and outpatient care are the top service needs for homeless persons with HIV. - e Case Management - Los Angeles states that only 17 percent of those with HIV needing case management receive it. In Chicago, approximately 2,800 persons with HIV need case management services; over half will not receive them despite Ryan White CARE Act funds. ¢ Dental - In Houston, there is a 2-3 month wait for dental services at the only publicly funded clinic serving people with HIV. Boston lists chief service needs for the homeless with HIV as case management, homecare, housing, mental health, substance abuse treatment, and social services (e.g., food, advocacy, support groups). - Outpatient health care and housing are service needs described by New Orleans. In New York City, an estimated six percent of the homeless are HIV infected. In San Francisco, there are 1,000 homeless persons with AIDS. The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors June 1991 Page 25 �Prevention Education: Gaps Seen, Ongoing Education Needed Background It has long been recognized that effective HIV prevention programs must be locally developed and based. With no cure for AIDS foreseen, prevention programs are the only truly effective weapon against the further spread of the disease. In this time of severe fiscal constraints, it has been increasingly difficult for cities to maintain funds for prevention efforts as caseloads and the cost of care and services increase. » Eighty percent (20 of 25) of cities utilize local funds for prevention activities. Of these cities, twelve (60 percent) had increased their funding of AIDS prevention activities in the past three years. The increase over the past three years ranged from 10 percent in San Diego to 2,000 percent in San Juan. e Of the 18 cities providing dollar amounts of funding for AIDS prevention efforts, the amount of local funds spent in the past fiscal year ranged from $10,000 in Cleveland to $3,776,103 in Seattle. survey respondentsindicated that gaps existed in their Increased Service Needs Rob Prevention Dollars community. Transmission categories Decisions about health spending often pit health services against prevention, with prevention spending often losing. = * Fifty percent of cities (10 of 20 cities responding) indicated that AIDS services demands have held constant or decreased local funding for AIDS pre- vention” (7 cities) and the need for re-education given relapse into unsafe behavior (8 cities). Five vention. s Thirty percent (six cities) indicated that their prevention spending had increased. e Twenty percent (four cities) responded that the demand for services had no impact on funding for services. cities reported that no programs have specifically targeted this population. * behaviors (16 of 20). New York City and Los Angeles reported that programs do exist but that they must be expanded to meet needs within the community. Boston identified segments of the Gay population (Gay youth, bisexual men who do not identify as Gay, and Gay IV drug users) as populations for which successful interventions have not been developed. Gaps in Prevention Education * Cities were asked to list which population groups in their locality have been identified as having gaps in HIV prevention education. Twenty-five of the 26 The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities Non-minority Gay males. Eighty percent identified gaps in educating non-minority, Gay white males; most commonly, the cities cited a need for re-education, given identified relapse into unsafe Factors in addition to service demands in the community can also result in a decrease of funds (not limited to public funds) available for HIV prevention efforts. Seattle, for example reported that decreases in state grant funds in the city coupled with growing demand for services has caused support for prevention efforts to erode. Page 26 Minority Gay/bisexual males. Gaps in educating minority Gay/bisexual males were identified by 88 percent (22 of 25) of the cities with education gaps. Of these the most prevalent gaps were noted as “lack of success in identifying effective inter- ® IV Drug Abusers. Forty percent (8 of 20 cities reporting) identified IV drug abusers as having prevention education gaps. The major gap idenfitied was lack of programs designed to prevent “relapse” into unsafe behaviors . The lack of The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991] �effective interventions wasalso cited asabarrier to providing HIV risk reduction information to IV drug users, identified by seven respondents. relapse into unsafe behaviors. Two cities (11 percent) noted alackof successin developing successful interventions. Heterosexuals. Sixteen cities (64 percent) reported gaps in prevention education programs for heterosexuals. Twenty-five percent of these cities (4) noted that no programs specifically target this population locally, while a like number reported a lack of success in developing effective interventions and the need for re-education due to relapse. Seventy-two percent also reported gaps in education targeting women. Of these, five (28 percent) reported a need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors, and four (22 percent) re- ported no programs specifically targeting this population. Constraints to the Provision of Racial/ethnic minorities HIV Prevention Education Seventy-six percent reported gaps in prevention education targeted to African-Americans. Of these, 42 percent (8 cities) noted a need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors. Six cities (32 percent) reported a lack of success in developing successful interventions to reach Blacks. Eighty percent indicated that gaps existed in HIV prevention education for Hispanics. Of this number, 35 percent (7 cities) noted a need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors, and 20 percent (4 cities) cited a lack of success in developing effective interventions. When asked to identify constraints to HIV education efforts, eight cities (32 percent) reported the top constraint as the difficulty in accessing hard-to-reach persons. Six cities (24 percent) identified as a significant restraint denial among high risk populations. Other constraints identified by cities tended to reflect problems that were unique or resulting from local conditions. Houston reported the most significant constraint asthegeographicdispersity of thecommunityand physical difficulty inaccessing target populations. Lack of culturally appropriate staffing was a sig- Youth, Women nificant concern of many cities. Houston, Cleve- Seventy-two percent (18 cities) reported gaps in education targeting high-risk youth. Of these, five (28 percent) indicated that no programs have specifically targeted this population, while six (33 percent) reported a need for re-education given land, Jersey City, New Orleans, Newark and San Francisco reported difficulty in recruiting bilin- gual/bicultural public health educators. Two cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, identified lack of funding as the greatest constraint to pre- vention efforts. The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 27 �Systems Realize Strains Health Service Systems Prevention Systems Under Stress Also Realize Weaknesses In 75 percent of cities responding (18 out of 24 responses), service systems were realizing strains due to the AIDS crisis. Most often cited were staff shortages, training needs, staff burnout, and inadequate space and facilities. Sixty-four percent of cities (16 of 25 cities) reported that infrastructure problems had resulted in a “negative impact on prevention education efforts.” Fifty-two percent listed staffing as the most common concern (e.g., difficulty in recruiting qualified staff, retention, staff burnout, training). Specifically, cities reported difficultyin recruiting qualified staff (i.e., those willing Sixty-three percent (15 of 24 cities) listed staff issues (i.e., insufficient staff, staff recruitment, or high turnover) as major problems. e to work on HIV related issues or culturally sensitive staff), staff retention, and burnout. * (Cleveland and New Haven, New Orleans,and San Francisco referenced staff burnout. * Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Philadelphia, and Tampa mention staff recruitment problems. * Atlanta reported that employees remain in HIVrelated positions for an average of 1.5-2 years, making it difficult to maintain continuity in programs. Houston cited difficulties in recruiting bilingual / bicultural staff. * * Kansas City, MO, calls attention to the “limited number of providers who treat HIV / AIDS cases.” * In Chicago, chronic staff shortages in the Cook County Hospital are evident. The AIDS unit has only 20 of 30 AIDS dedicated beds filled due to chronic nursing shortages and difficulty inrecruiting personnel for the ward. Other problems mentioned included: lack of stable funding from year to year, interdepartmental competition for funds, and funding restrictions for HIV prevention programs. Chronic facility space shortages were also identified as a problem. Thirty-three percent (8 of 24) listed inadequate facilities and space as a major infrastructure problem. * New York City states that the city’s fiscal crisis “has led to staff shortages” and that “space shortages] (chronic) undercut training programs.” Boston, Houston, New York City, and Philadel- phia list inadequate space and facilities. Page 28 The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities © The United States Conference of Mayors e June 1991 �Future: AIDS Care and Prevention Needs Local Resources Inadequate to Meet Growing Need The future impact of the AIDS epidemic on America’s dealing with projected increased demand for HIV prevention and health services. * Houston simply states that “projected numbers exceed local resource capability.” ¢ Indianapolis, in explaining the inability to meet projected demand, states that “HIV is not perceived as a threat to the general heterosexual community yet.” * In Kansas City, Missouri, “local resources are in- cities is reflected in the increase in projected AIDS cases in surveyed cities. Local resources cannot fill the gap between future caseload estimates and care and prevention needs. None of the cities surveyed indicated that they would be able to meet projected demand for HIV-related prevention and health care services with existing local adequate.” resources. City comments included: * Los Angeles: “The local caseload is too large. Los Angeles County is fiscally overburdened in most * Minneapolis: “Decreasing dollars in all areas of local programs mean that HIV prevention may not be a priority.” * San Francisco reports that "because of large city and state budget deficits...there will be fewer related public health programs, most notably mental health, prevention, and community based pro- public service areas and cannot absorb all AIDS related expenses.” * New Haven: “Because New Haven is overwhelmed with multiple urgent health and social problems, the volume of demand for services due to our large population of residents with HIV infection and illness is already overstressing systems that were stretched thin before AIDS hit. The majority of people affected are indigent and a significant proportion must also be medically indigent though we do not have available data on this phenomenon at present.” Seattle: “Local resources comprise approximately four (4) percent of the AIDS resources for SeattleKing County. The majority of support is dependenton federal, stateand foundation grants. Many of these grants expire within the next 18 months. Local revenues are unlikely to meet these resultant gaps.” * Tampa: “The growing numbers of infected individuals will quickly overload the medical care system.” grams." * New York City mentions the “sheer scale of the epidemic here” in addressing the adequacy of local resources. ¢ San Diego: “Both state and local government [are] in extreme financial distress.” * San]uan: “Every day, casesincrease. The proportion of new [financial] sources does not increase at [the] same rate.” e Anaheim: “The anticipated future caseload will produce ademand for services that will not be met with the current level of funding.” Looking for Funds to Meet Future Demand Other city responses: * * Ft. Lauderdale: “Local resources do not putadent in the problem.” Baltimore: “The economy makes any major increase in local budget out of the question” in Seventy-two percent of survey respondents were not able to identify a source of funding for future needs. Survey respondents often cited federal resources asa source for coping with future caseloads. Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Jersey City, and San Diego specifically refer to Ryan White CARE Act funds asa needed resource. The Impact of AIDS on America's Cities ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 Page 29 �Planning for the Future Baltimore will look to state and federal medical assistance, researchmoney, and Ryan White CARE Act Title I funds to cover needed expansions. As the epidemic continues, cities have undertaken a rangeof planning approaches in dealing with increas- Boston has no identified source of funding future needs but rather states that “only limited federal fundshave been identified through the CARE Act. With the potential dismantling of state Medicaid optional services (as proposed in the current state budget) services will be cut, not expanded.” ing numbers of AIDS cases as well as persons with asymptomatic HIV infection. These plans are often developed in a consortium with community service providers and often seek to address early intervention needs of persons not showing signs of HIV-related illness. Ft. Lauderdale: “Ryan White [funding] will keep us at the current level of services.” In Baltimore, a major new initiative is “to practice Ft. Lauderdale early intervention in STD clinics where approximately 600 new HIV infections each year are diagnosed.” has 2,632 current AIDS cases and estimates there are an estimated 6,175-30,876 HIV infected in Ft Lauderdale. San Francisco has developed plans which integrate and consolodate HIV prevention messages with that of other STD programs. According to Chicago, “the Ryan White CARE Act provides much needed funds; however, without full appropriations, service needs will remain unmet.” Boston: “Plans are being developed to establish early intervention/prevention services and integrating primary care with drug treatment; further plans have been developed to expand home based services. Lack of funding is a major barrier to Cleveland: “Unless funds from federal and state governments increase in this area, Cleveland will be hard pressed to financially maintain the needed resources. Local fundshavealready begun to plug gaps created by state and federal cuts. This cannot expansion.” continue.” Los Angeles: “Through federal CARE Dallas identified Ryan White CARE Act funds, state HIV services grants, other federal programs, as well as city-county and private contributions as possible sources of funding. Jersey City looks to Ryan White CARE Act funds Houston reports that “limited funding for early intervention services [is] to begin insummer 1991." as well as The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. San Diego will look to funds “partially through Philadelphia: “Comprehensive geographic planning is ongoing to link outreach and prevention CARE Act Titles I and I.” efforts with direct medical San Juan identifies federal and private foundation funds. —— ee y Sea with Tampa: The county health department plan for care involves individuals diagnosed with HIV for all AIDS/HIV activities within the health de- cared forin Primary Care Clinics; those with AIDS / partment in 1991 is $10,364,494. The projected revenues for 1992 are currently estimated at $8,161,778 which represents a 21 percent decrease in funding. Meanwhile, surviving AIDS cases are estimated to increase by 26 percent by the end of ARC cared for in the specialized Patient Care Clinic. In San Juan, the emphasis is on home care and ambulatory services rather than inpatient care. Case management services as well as increased prevention education activities for IV drug users, gay/bisexual men and women are planned. 1992.” The Impactof AIDS on America’s Cities services, along enhancement of psychosocial support network.” Seattle: “The estimated revenue from all sources Page 30 Act funds, we are establishing and strengthening early intervention and outpatient care facilities in diverse geographic areas of the county. We are also strengthening the referral network from HIV testing to treatment and social services.” ® The United States Conference of Mayors © June 1991 �THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS 1620 Eye Street, Northwest Washington, DC. 20006 (202) 293-7330 � Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Text Any textual data included in the document [Page 1] THE IMPACT OF AIDS ON AMERICA'S CITIES A 26 City Report for The U.S. Conference of Mayors Task Force on AIDS June 1991 [Page 2] The United States Conference of Mayors The United States Conference of Mayors is the official nonpartisan organization of cities with populations of 30,000 or more. There are well over 900 such cities in the country today, each represented in the Conference of Mayors by its chief elected official, the Mayor. The U.S. Conference of Mayors is in its second half-century of service to the Mayors and the citizens of America's principal cities. Throughout its history, the Conference of Mayors has taken the lead in calling national attention to the problems and the potential of urban America. Since its founding it has carried the message of cities to every President, every Congress. This is the heritage of the Conference of Mayors. It is the heritage of every mayor who serves today. Robert M. Isaac President Mayor of Colorado Springs Art Agnos Chair, Task Force on AIDS Mayor of San Francisco <ol> <li style="font-weight:400;">Thomas Cochran Executive Director</li> </ol> The Impact of AIDS on America’s Cities is a publication of The United States Conference of Mayors, with support from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services under grant #U62/CCU300609-08. Robert M. Isaac, Mayor of Colorado Springs, President; Art Agnos, Mayor of San Francisco, Chair, Task Force on AIDS; J. Thomas Cochran, Executive Director; Richard D. Johnson, Assistant Executive Director; Alan E. Gambrell, Editor. This report was prepared by Alan E. Gambrell, Richard D. Johnson, and Paula M. Jones. Tables and charts were designed and prepared by Jeffrey A. Menzer and Richard D. Johnson. Database design and compilation of data was by William Brian Mays. Layout design by Stuart P. Campbell, Production Editor. Any opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the policies of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Conference of Mayors was greatly assisted by officials in 26 cities and counties who provided information for this report. © The United States Conference of Mayors, June, 191 [Page 3] Preface Ten years ago this month, the first cases of AIDS were reported among a handful of Gay men in the nation’s largest cities. Since that time, over 110,000 Americans have died of AIDS (as of the month ending April 1991)—more than the total number of American deaths in all military conflicts since World War II combined. Over one million Americans are now estimated to be infected with the HIV virus. An estimated 165,000 to 215,000 Americans will die of AIDS from 1991 to 1993 alone, according to the Centers for Disease Control. Over the past decade, waves of fear, discrimination, and misunderstanding have flashed, disappeared and reappeared in the nation’s media headlines. Yet, behind the undulation of press reports, the wave of the epidemic has been constant—and escalating. Despite policy debates over testing issues, admission of foreigners with HIV, and the best methods of preventing the further spread of the HIV virus that causes AIDS, there can be no debate on the impact of AIDS in our cities: this year is worse than last, and next year will be even worse. AIDS Cases: The Numbers Explode The United States Conference of Mayors this past month surveyed 26 of the cities hardest hit by the AIDS crisis to assess—one decade into the epidemic—the status of AIDS in America’s cities and its impact on urban health systems. The magnitude of the AIDS epidemic is made evident when reflecting on landmark events in the AIDS crisis and combining them with the findings of this survey. In 1985, the year Rock Hudson died from AIDS, there were close to 10,000 total cases in the 26 surveyed cities. Our survey found that: <ul> <li>In Baltimore, there were 116 cases in 1985; by the end of 1990 there were 1,599, nearly 14 times the number.</li> <li>In Tampa, 63 cases had been diagnosed by the end of 1985; by the end of February of this year, 866 had been reported, or 1,274 percent more.</li> </ul> Five years ago, in 1986, Surgeon General C. Everett Koop issued his landmark Surgeon General's Report on AIDS. [Page 4] <ul> <li>Through 1986, 25,048 cumulative AIDS cases had been reported in the 26 surveyed cities; (this constituted the majority of the over 37,000 in the nation). In 1986 alone, 10,973 cases were reported in the 26 surveyed cities</li> <li>By the end of 1986, there were 59 AIDS cases in Indianapolis. As of March 1991, Indianapolis reports 452 cases, an increase of 666 percent.</li> <li>In Philadelphia, 368 cases had been reported by the close of 1986. That city’s total increased 528 percent to 2,313 by March.</li> </ul> Five years from now, in 1996: <ul> <li>Houston estimates there will be 27,000 cumulative AIDS cases.</li> <li>Boston estimates 3,341 cumulative cases.</li> </ul> The nation’s cities have yet to recover from the recession that began soon after the start of the AIDS epidemic. Numerous studies have shown that federal funding for cities throughout the 1980s was reduced by 60 to 70 percent. During the same period, a recent Conference of Mayors study has shown that city budgets have risen by 95 percent in response to increased problems. Throughout the Desert Shield /Desert Storm operation in the Persian Gulf, 378 Americans lost their lives in support of the effort. During that same time, over 10,000 Americans lost their lives to AIDS. If the federal government can spend many billions of dollars to rescue mismanaged and corrupt financial institutions, it certainly can expend just a fraction of that amount on the crisis in American cities. Just as we can find resources to protect our troops abroad, we must find resources to protect and care for our citizens at home. <ol> <li style="font-weight:400;">Thomas Cochran</li> </ol> Executive Director [Page 5] Table of Contents Executive Summary […] 1 Overview of Findings […] 3 Survey Cities Comprise Most of Nation's AIDS Cases […] 9 Paying for AIDS Care: Medicaid, Public Systems Cover Major Share […] 17 HIV Testing and Counseling: More Individuals Seek Results […] 19 Early Intervention: Waiting Lists for Public Services […] 20 Federal AIDS Drug Funds Inadequate […] 22 Service Needs of People With HIV/AIDS […] 24 Preventing the Spread of AIDS: Gaps Identified in Education Efforts […] 26 Strains on Service and Prevention Systems […] 28 The Future […] 29 [Page 6] Executive Summary During April and May of this year, The U.S. Conference of Mayors (USCM) surveyed 26 major cities—members of the USCM Task Force on AIDS and others with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. The purpose of the survey was to assess, one decade into the epidemic, the status of AIDS in those cities most affected by the disease. Survey results reveal: <ul> <li>Survey Cities Represent Majority of Nation's AIDS Cases. Over 56 percent of the nation’s AIDS cases are in the 26 survey cities; 51 to 66 percent of the estimated one million Americans infected with HIV are in the survey cities—508,720 to 657,421 persons.</li> <li>Minority Gay/bisexual Men, IV Drug Abusers, Women Increasingly Affected. The impact of AIDS varies significantly from city to city, with specific populations—including minority Gay/bisexual men, IV drug abusers, and women -- experiencing the largest increases in cases over the past three years.</li> <li>Racial/ethnic Groups Increasing Proportion of Cases. Racial and ethnic minorities continue to represent a disproportionate number of cases. From 1987 to 1990, minorities have increased as a percentage of AIDS cases, particularly Blacks. In several cities, projections of persons infected with HIV—future AIDS cases—show a continued increase of minorities, particularly Blacks, as a proportion of total cases.</li> <li>Public Resources Cover Large Portion of Cases. Health insurance coverage estimates indicate a varying percentage of diagnosed persons are covered by Medicaid; estimates of coverage range from 31 to 66 percent of AIDS cases in cities.</li> <li>Waiting Lists for Early Intervention. Early intervention services often are characterized by long waiting lists; persons with HIV seeking access to publicly-funded early treatment systems often must wait several months. Fifty percent of cities report waiting lists for appointments at publicly funded clinics.</li> <li>AIDS Drugs: Federal Funds Insufficient to Meet Local Demand. Local funds are used to provide AIDS drugs in half of surveyed cities. Seventy-six (76) percent indicate that the federal AIDS drug reimbursement program for low income persons will not meet demands this year.</li> <li>Service Needs: Local Conditions Vary. Substance abusers, the uninsured and women were identified as having the greatest service shortages. Outpatient care, substance abuse treatment and housing were the greatest service needs across all groups.</li> <li>Prevention Education: Programs Need Ongoing Support. The most significant gaps in prevention education efforts to date by transmission categories were identified for minority Gay/bi-sexual men, nonminority Gay/bisexual men, and heterosexuals. Among racial/ethnic groups, the greatest gaps were identified for Hispanics and Blacks. For all groups, ongoing education was the greatest need. Youth in risky situations—those on the streets, engaged in illicit drug use and/or sex for money or drugs —were also identified as a group in particular need of re-education. The need for continuing AIDS education to reinforce messages about making changes in sex and needle sharing practices was identified across all population groups.</li> <li>Service Systems Strained. Seventy-five percent of cities stated that service systems were experiencing strains due to the AIDS crisis—most often staffing shortages and staff burnout, and inadequate space and facilities. Prevention education systems, as well, were also facing stress in 64 percent of cities, typically because of staff shortages and burnout.</li> <li>Future: Local Resources Inadequate to Meet Growing Needs. None of the surveyed cities indicated that local funds could meet projected demand for HIV-related prevention education and health services. Often, cities were looking to funding through the Ryan White CARE Act to meet projected demands.</li> </ul> [Page 7] Respondents 26 Survey Cities Anaheim (Orange County) Atlanta (Fulton County) Baltimore Boston Chicago Cleveland Dallas (Dallas County) Denver Ft. Lauderdale (Broward County) Houston Indianapolis (Marion County) Jersey City Kansas City, MO Los Angeles (Los Angeles County) Minneapolis (Hennepin County) New Haven New Orleans New York City Newark Philadelphia Phoenix (Maricopa County) San Diego (San Diego County) San Francisco San Juan Seattle (Seattle/King County) Tampa (Hillsborough County) Methodology The United States Conference of Mayors surveyed 26 cities during April through May 1991, including members of the U.S. Conference of Mayors Task Force on AIDS as well as others with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. The Task Force is chaired by San Francisco Mayor Art Agnos and was formed in 1983 in order to focus federal attention to the impact of the AIDS epidemic on America’s cities. Data were collected by city and county health departments in the cities surveyed. Epidemiological data provided by respondents are for their local health department jurisdictions (i.e., city or county). In addition to survey information, the Conference of Mayors supplemented data with information collected from city and county applications for federal Title I Ryan White CARE Act supplemental funding. Year one funding (fiscal 1991) of Title I provides direct AIDS care funds to sixteen cities with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. Fourteen of the 16 cities which receive Title I funding are represented in this survey. The denominator for calculating percentages in this report is comprised of only those cities which responded to a particular question. The reader should note that in no case do percentages reported for a survey question include a city which did not respond to that question. [Page 8] Overview of Findings Ten years ago this month, the first cases of AIDS were reported by the federal Centers for Disease Control (CDC), reporting on five cases among Gay men in Los Angeles. Since that time, over 110,000 Americans have died of AIDS (as of the month ending April 1991). There are 174,893 cases of AIDS in the U.S. as of the month ending April 1991. An estimated 165,000 to 215,000 Americans will die of AIDS during 1991-1993, according to CDC. CDC estimates that there are one million Americans currently infected with the HIV virus. An estimated 40,000 new infections occur each year, according to CDC. The United States Conference of Mayors during April and May surveyed 26 major cities—members of the Conference of Mayors Task Force on AIDS as well as others with the highest numbers of AIDS cases. The purpose of the survey was to assess, one decade into the epidemic, the status of AIDS in America’s cities and its impact on urban health systems (see Methodology, page 2). AIDS Cases in 26 Survey Cities: Today, Five Years From Now <ul> <li>As of the month ending February, 56.1 percent of the nation’s AIDS cases were in the 26 cities surveyed by the Conference of Mayors (cases reported by survey cities as of 2/28/91). (Sixty-one percent of the nation’s AIDS cases are in the 26 “Metropolitan Statistical Areas” represented by the surveyed cities; MSAs include the central city and immediate surrounding areas.)</li> <li>The population of survey cities represent 16.8 percent of the total U.S. population.</li> <li>Today, there are an estimated 508,720 to 657,421 persons with HIV infection who have yet to develop AIDS in the 26 cities surveyed by the Conference of Mayors. This represents 51 to 66 percent of the estimated one million infected with HIV in the U.S. as estimated by CDC. <ul> <li>In New York City, from 125,000 to 235,000 are HIV infected.</li> <li>In Los Angeles, an estimated 41,000 are infected.</li> <li>In San Diego, an estimated 15-20,000 are HIV infected.</li> <li>Lauderdale estimates 21,000 people with HIV.</li> <li>In Baltimore, an estimated 20,000 people are HIV infected.</li> <li>Phoenix estimates nearly 8,000 residents are HIV infected.</li> <li>San Francisco estimates that 28,000 are infected with HIV.</li> <li>Tampa has an estimated 7,400 HIV infected persons.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Fifteen cities provided estimates on the number of AIDS cases they project by the end of 1996. By that date, these cities will have experienced a 240 percent increase — from 44,518 to an estimated 151,652 cases. <ul> <li>Houston estimates that in five years there will be 27,000 cumulative AIDS cases.</li> <li>Cleveland projects 6,500 cases.</li> <li>Los Angeles estimates 33,000.</li> <li>Boston estimates 3,341 cumulative cases in five years.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Populations Disproportionately Affected AIDS cases from 1987-90 among some categories were rising relatively faster. Limited projections of future cases in some cities point to growing proportions of cases among Blacks and women. Across select cities, between years ending 1987 and 1990, AIDS cases increased as follows: [Page 9] Total U.S. Population [Pie chart that states: Survey Cities – 16.8%, Remaining U.S. – 83.2%] Total AIDS Cases* [Pie Chart that states: Survey Cities 56%, Remaining U.S. 44%] *As of 2/28/91 [Page 10] <ul> <li>Dallas Gay/bisexual cases increased from 864 to 2,262 from 1987 to 1990.</li> <li>In Anaheim, minority Gay/bisexual males increased from 43 to 165 for the years ending 1987-90, an increase of 283 percent.</li> <li>In 1990, 17 percent of Houston's cases were among Blacks. In 1987, 12 percent were reported among Blacks (270 in 1987, up to 876 in 1990).</li> <li>Eighty-five percent of the women with AIDS in Philadelphia are Latina. There were 50 Latina cases in 50 and 150 by 1990 in the city.</li> </ul> Health Insurance: AIDS Diagnosed Covered by Medicaid, Other Public Sources Research is still underway to determine the percentage of AIDS care costs that are covered by public and private sources. Various local studies have attempted to determine coverage of AIDS care costs, although comprehensive findings are lacking on AIDS care costs covered by public health insurance or private insurance. In order to estimate the source of payment of AIDS care costs, the Conference of Mayors asked surveyed cities the following question: “What percentage of AIDS diagnosed persons in your jurisdiction do you estimate are” covered by public or private health insurance. According to surveyed cities: <ul> <li>In eight of 15 cities providing data, Medicaid covers from 31 to 66 percent of AIDS diagnosed persons in those cities.</li> <li>In 10 cities, “Other public health insurance” covers from two (2) percent to 45 percent of AIDS cases (e.g., Newark, 45 percent; Houston, 21 percent; Los Angeles, 16 percent).</li> <li>In 14 cities, private insurance covered from 15 percent to 55 percent of AIDS cases (Cleveland, 55 percent; Indianapolis, 50 percent; Philadelphia, 49 percent).</li> </ul> Counseling and Testing: Many Seek Results <ul> <li>Seventy-six percent of surveyed cities (of 17 responding) report an increase of from one to 500 percent or greater in number of individuals seek HIV counseling and testing. Indianapolis reports that the number seeking testing has stayed the same. Two cities, Minneapolis and Ft. Lauderdale, report a decrease in numbers being tested and counseled.</li> <li>Over the past three years, the rate of AIDS test results reported as positive from HIV counseling and testing sites (for 19 reporting cities) has decreased in 42 percent; stayed the same in 32 percent; and increased in 26 percent.</li> <li>Thirty-two percent of the 26 cities indicated that the majority of those who have utilized HIV counseling and testing services over the past year are primarily “generally at lower risk.”</li> </ul> Early Intervention: Waiting Lists Exist for Services Early identification and treatment of HIV has proven effective in prolonging survival of persons with HIV infection. Cities surveyed were asked to indicate if publicly-funded HIV early intervention services existed and if there were waiting lists for services in their locales. Publicly-funded services exist in all surveyed cities, with funding coming from a variety of sources—federal, state, local, and private foundations. In 50 percent (12 of 24 cities) there were waiting lists for initial appointments at publicly funded early intervention clinics. For example: <ul> <li>Newark has a wait of 3 to5 weeks for HIV immune assessment services funded by Medicaid and city welfare. Black IV drug abusers earning less than $8,500 make up the majority of those waiting for appointments.</li> <li>San Diego hasawaitof4 to 6 weeks for initial HIV immune assessment appointments at public facilities.</li> <li>At the Grady Infectious Disease Clinic in Atlanta, the county hospital-run HIV clinic, there is a three month waiting period for initial HIV immune assessments.</li> </ul> [Page 11] AIDS Drug Treatment Money: Half of Cities Provide Local Funds One half (50 percent) of the 26 cities indicated that local funds are used to provide AIDS drugs to persons not covered by the federal/state AIDS drug reimbursement program. The federal AIDS drug reimbursement program will not meet the demand for AIDS drugs this year, according to 76 percent of the surveyed cities. Gaps in Services: Local Conditions Define Needs The unmet service needs—and the subpopulations experiencing the greatest gaps—vary from city to city, reflecting the different characteristics of persons infected with HIV, and variations in health service delivery systems in communities. Generally, systems are strained and a wide range of populations have unmet needs. <ul> <li>Substance abusers were identified by 50 percent of respondents as having major service needs. The “uninsured” and women were each identified by 46 percent of respondent cities (11 of 24 providing data) as service need populations. Other populations identified most often by respondent cities as having major service needs included: the homeless (42 percent, 10 of 24 cities), and the incarcerated (21 percent). Others listed included racial/ethnic minorities, mentally ill, minority Gay/bisexual men, and Gay/bisexual adolescents.</li> <li>Services most frequently listed as lacking—across all groups—were outpatient care, substance abuse treatment, and housing, followed by home care and long term care. Other categories listed included: mental health services, social services (including legal services and transportation), and case management. <ul> <li>Outpatient Care - Houston estimates that demand for outpatient care for indigents will increase by 48 percent from 1990 to 1991.</li> <li>Substance Abuse Treatment - In Los Angeles, 38 percent of the need for resident detox programs for those with HIV is not met.</li> <li>Housing - San Francisco estimates that, over the next three years, 1,200 new housing units will be needed for people with AIDS.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Preventing Education: Speaking Rises, Gaps Seen Local Prevention Spending Rises, Gaps Seen Local Prevention Spending Rises Eighty percent (20 of 25 cities) use local funds for prevention; 60 percent (12 of 20) have increased their local funds spent on AIDS prevention education. In Kansas City, MO, spending rose 100 percent over last year. In New York City, a50 percent increase occurred. Indianapolis and Baltimore each reported 30 percent increases. Prevention Loses Against Services Decisions about health spending often pit health “service” dollars against “prevention” funds. In such budgetary struggles, prevention often loses: its impact is less immediate and documentable. This scenario holds true for local AIDS spending. Fifty-five percent (10 of 20 responding) indicate that the impact of demand for AIDS services has been to decrease or keep constant local funds spent on AIDS prevention education. Gaps in Education Identified Gaps reported in prevention education efforts include the need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors; lack of success in developing effective interventions; and obstacles posed by lack of community support for HIV education for specific populations, particularly gay/bisexual minorities and substance abusers. Infrastructure Weakens: System Seeing Strains Service Infrastructures. Seventy-five percent of cities (18 of 24) indicate that service system strains are being realized due to the AIDS crisis. Sixty-three percent (15 of 24 reporting) indicate service system problems with staffing, training and facility/space inadequacies. Thirty-three percent (8 of 24) listed inadequate facilities and space as a major infrastructure problem. Prevention Education Infrastructures. Sixty-four percent of cities responding (16 of 25) reported that infrastructure problems had resulted in a “negative impact on prevention education efforts.” Fifty-two percent listed staffing as the most common concern (e.g., difficulty in recruiting qualified staff, retention, staff burnout, train- [Page 12] Survey Cities AIDS Cases, Percent Living Cases reported as of February 28, 1991 City # Reported AIDS Cases % Living Anaheim 1,445 36.6 Atlanta 3454 40.0 Baltimore 1,641 41.0 Boston 1,546 354 Chicago 3,552 35.0 Cleveland 506 59.0 Dallas 2,769 340 Denver 1,071 33.9 Fort Lauderdale 2,632 38.0 Houston 5,151 34.0 Indianapolis 452 45.0 Jersey City 1,106 38.0 Kansas City, MO 696 51.0 Los Angeles 11,534 32.0 Minneapolis 586 37.0 New Haven 387 32.0 New Orleans 1513 34.0 New York City 31,845 34.0 Newark 2,151 39.0 Philadelphia 2313 34.0 Phoenix 972 39.0 San Diego 2,525 38.1 San Francisco 10,055 30.0 San Juan 1,732 37.0 Seattle 1,634 42.0 Tampa 866 59.0 *** Total *** 94,134 [Page 13] ing). Specifically, cities reported difficulty in recruiting qualified staff (i.e., those willing to work on HIV related issues or culturally sensitive staff), staff retention, and burnout. <ul> <li>Atlanta reported that employees remain in HIV-related positions for an average of 1.5 to 2 years, making it difficult to maintain continuity in programs.</li> <li>Houston cited difficulties in recruiting bilingual/bicultural staff.</li> </ul> The Future: Increasing Cases, Lack of Funds All respondents indicated that local resources are inadequate to deal with future AIDS prevention and healthcare needs. Seventy-two percent have no identifiable source of funding for expansions of services and prevention efforts needed in response to growing caseloads. Only 28 percent of survey respondents had identified sources of future funds. Survey respondents often cited federal resources as a source for coping with future caseloads. Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Jersey City, and San Diego specifically refer to Ryan White CARE Act funds as a needed resource. <ul> <li>Baltimore will look to state and federal medical assistance, research money, and Ryan White CARE Act Title I funds to cover needed expansions.</li> <li>Boston has no identified source of funding future needs but rather states that “only limited federal funds have been identified through the CARE Act. With the potential dismantling of state Medicaid optional services (as proposed in the current state budget), services will be cut, not expanded.”</li> </ul> [Page 14] Surveyed Cities Comprise Majority of Nation’s AIDS Cases As of the month ending February 1991, 56.1 percent of the nation’s AIDS cases were in the 26 cities surveyed by the Conference of Mayors. (When totaling the number of cases in the surveyed cities by the 26 “Metropolitan Statistical Areas” (MSAs) of those cities, which include the surrounding suburban cities/areas, the 26 MSAs account for 61 percent of the nation’s total AIDS cases.) Among the 26 cities surveyed, 94,134 cases were reported through the month ending February 1991 (over 167,803 had been reported in the nation). In 1990 alone, 16,364 cases were reported in these 26 cities. Approximately 34 percent of the cumulative AIDS cases in the 26 cities surveyed are living. Persons living with AIDS require a range of often costly care and services as episodic debilitating opportunistic infections weaken the immune system. Perspective on Epidemic: Five Years Ago, Projections for 1996 Five years ago, by the end of 1986, 25,048 AIDS cases had been reported in the 26 surveyed cities. In 1996, five years from now, an estimated 151,652 cumulative AIDS cases will have been reported in only 15 of the surveyed cities providing these data. Below the Tip of the Iceberg: Persons Infected With HIV Today, there are an estimated 508,720 to 657 421 persons with HIV infection in the 26 cities. This represents 51 to 66 percent of the CDC-estimated one million infected with HIV in the U.S. <ul> <li>In New York City, from 125,000 to 235,000ar e HIV infected.</li> <li>In Los Angeles, an estimated 41,000 are infected.</li> <li>Lauderdale estimates 6,175 to 30,876 people with HIV.</li> <li>In Baltimore, an estimated 20,000 people are HIV infected.</li> <li>Phoenix estimates 7,651 residents are HIV infected.</li> <li>San Francisco estimates that 28,000 are infected with HIV.</li> <li>Tampa has an estimated 7,350 HIV infected persons.</li> </ul> Projections: Significant Increases in AIDS Cases, HIV Infected Persons Fifteen cities provided estimates on the number of AIDS cases they project by the end of 1996. By that date, these cities will have experienced a 240 percent increase—from 44,518 to an estimated 151, 652 cases. <ul> <li>Houston estimates that in five years there will be 27,000 cumulative cases of AIDS in the city. Houston will have an estimated 44,400 to 68,000 persons with HIV infection.</li> <li>Los Angeles projects 33,000 cumulative AIDS cases by 1996. The city estimates 35,000 HIV infected by 1996.</li> <li>Cleveland estimates 6,500 cumulative cases in 1996. Projections are that the city will have 20,000 HIV infected by 1996.</li> </ul> [Page 15] Survey Cities Estimated Number of HIV Infected as of February 28, 1991 City Estimated Number, of HIV Infected Source of Estimate Anaheim 14,000 A Atlanta 50,000 Baltimore 20,000 ABCEG Boston 11,028 AG Chicago 14,000 BG Cleveland 15,000 G Dallas 5,000-10,000 G Denver 10,000 A Fort Lauderdale 6,175-30,876 Houston 30,000 A Indianapolis 2,200 ABEFG Jersey City 16,590 Kansas City, MO 5,000-8,000 G Los Angeles 41,000 BDEG Minneapolis 5,500 BEG New Haven 3,096 A New Orleans 15,130 EFG New York 125,000-235,000 G Newark 23,000-27,000 G Philadelphia 20,000 A Phoenix 7,651 A San Diego 15,000-20,000 ABEG San Francisco 28,000 BDEG San Juan 9,000 G Seattle 10,000 AG Tampa 7,350 AB *** Total *** 508,720 - 657,421 HIV Infection Estimates: Report Key A - Extrapolation from national (i.e., CDC) estimates B - Testing of local STD clinic patients C - Prison intake screening in your jurisdiction D - Screening of military recruits in your jurisdiction E - Testing of IVDUs in your jurisdiction F - Testing of homeless persons in your jurisdiction G – Other [Page 16] AIDS Impact Varies By City, Changing Over Time Background While Gay/bisexual males still comprise the largest number of AIDS cases nationwide, many cities’ AIDS caseloads vary significantly from the national average and are experiencing disproportionate growth in different case categories, such as Gay/bisexual minorities, IV drug users, racial and ethnic minorities, women, pediatrics and hard-to-reach populations, such as the homeless and youth in risky situations. In some cities, the overwhelming number of cases are IV drug use related. In others, Gay/bisexual AIDS cases comprise the majority. In some, women comprise a much greater percentage of city cases than the national average. Proportions of cases among racial/ethnic minorities also vary. As of the year ending 1990, in the various transmission categories, the average of the data collected from the 26 cities surveyed corresponds closely to national data, with Gay/ bisexual transmission higher in the 26 cities. <ul> <li>Nationally, Gay/bisexual transmission comprises 59 percent of total of adult/adolescent cases as of 1990. The proportion of Gay/bisexual transmission among the 26 cities surveyed is higher, at 64 percent.</li> <li>IVDUs comprise 22 percent of the nation’s adult/ adolescent AIDS cases. In the 26 survey cities, they also comprise 22 percent of cases.</li> <li>Gay/bisexual IV drug abusers are seven percent of surveyed city cases, and seven percent nationally.</li> <li>Racial and ethnic breakdown of AIDS cases nationally through 1990 is as follows: whites (54.8 percent), Blacks (28.2 percent), Hispanics (15.9 percent), Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.6 percent), and Native Americans (0.1 percent). Among the 26 cities surveyed, the racial/ethnic breakdown closely follows the national percentages: whites (54 percent), Blacks (27.3 percent), Hispanics (17.8) (as compared to 15.9 percent of national cases reported as Hispanics), Asian/Pacific Islanders (0.8 percent) and Native Americans (0.1 percent).</li> </ul> An Examination of individual cities, however, reveals a greater variation from national averages. Gay/Bisexual Men: Lower Percents, Higher Numbers More Cases Among Minority Gays Gay/bisexual men comprise from 13 percent (Newark) to 85 percent (Anaheim, San Francisco, and Seattle) of total AIDS cases in individual cities surveyed. Nationally, 59 percent of cases are among Gay/bisexual men. From 1987 to 1990, cases attributable to Gay /bisexual transmission decreased from 70.9 percent to 66 percent of total cases in the 22 survey cities reporting for both periods. For the 22 cities with 1987 and 1990 data: <ul> <li>In 1987, 22,747 cases were reported by surveyed cities providing data. In 1990, 53,529 cases were reported, an increase of 42 percent.</li> <li>In 1990, Minneapolis had the highest percentage of its cases reported among Gay/bisexual men, at 90 percent of total city cases; Newark had the lowest at 13 percent.</li> <li>From 1987-90, Los Angeles’ AIDS cases among Gay/bisexual men remained relatively stable as a percentage of total Los Angeles AIDS cases—85 percent to 84 percent—although actual cases increased from 4,238 to 8,859.</li> <li>Dallas Gay/bisexual cases increased from 75 percent to 83 percent of the city’s cases (864 to 2,262 from 1987-90).</li> <li>The most significant percentage decrease was in Baltimore, where 66 percent of the city’s cases were among Gay/bisexual men in 1987; in1990,46 percent were in this category. This occurred because, although Baltimore's Gay/bisexual AIDS cases tripled over 1987-90, IV drug abuse cases increased dramatically.</li> </ul> Gay Minority Cases Up. An increasing number of AIDS cases are occurring among minority Gay/bisexual men in select cities. <ul> <li>San Francisco reported 518 minority Gay/bisexual cases as of 1987; in 1990, 1,316 were reported, an increase of 154 percent.</li> </ul> [Page 17] In Seattle, from 1987 to 1990 cases increased from 52 to 147, a 182 percent increase. In New York City, 2,491 cases were reported through 1987 among minority Gays; 5,680 were reported through 1990, cumulative, a 128 percent increase. IV Drug Abusers: Increasing Proportion of Total From 1987 to 1990, IV drug use transmission increased as a percentage of total cases among 22 surveyed cities providing data for both periods—from 15.8 percent in 1987 to 20 percent in 1990. In 1990, 54 percent of the nation’s IV drug abuse AIDS cases were in the 26 survey cities. <ul> <li>Baltimore, Ft. Lauderdale, Houston, Kansas City, MO, New Orleans, San Diego San Juan, and Tampa all experienced at least a four-fold increase in cases of IVDUs from 1987 to 1990.</li> <li>In 1990, Newark had the highest proportion of cases reported among IV drug abusers, 69 percent of the city’s total cases. Jersey City (65 percent) and New Haven (56 percent) were the next highest.</li> <li>In Houston in 1987, two percent of cases were among IV drug abusers. By the end of 1990, five percent of cases were in this category, an increase of 473 percent (from 45 to 258 cases).</li> <li>Sixty-nine percent of Newark’s cumulative cases in 1990 were IV drug users. (Newark estimates that 50 percent of its approximately 15,0001V drug users are HIV infected.)</li> <li>An estimated 60 percent of New York City IV drug users are infected with HIV.</li> </ul> Gay/Bisexual/IV Drug Abuse For the year ending 1987, among 22 surveyed cities providing data, 7.6 percent of cases were reported among Gay/bisexual IV drug abusers. By the end of 1990, this had fallen slightly to seven percent of total cases in surveyed cities. Fifty-four percent of the nation’s Gay/bisexual/IV drug abuse cases were in the survey cities. <ul> <li>New York City, San Francisco, and Los Angeles reported the largest number of cases among Gay/bisexual IV drug abusers. From 1987 to 1990, Houston's cases among Gay/bisexual IV drug users rose from 203 to 464 cases, This represented no change in the proportion of Houston's AIDS cases (nine percent) but a 129 percent increase in cases.</li> <li>Seattle reports an increase in cases of Gay/bisexual IVDUs from 60 to 148 over 1987 to 1990, a 147 percent increase.</li> </ul> AIDS: Increasingly Among Minority Populations A significant and growing proportion of cases are among minorities, particularly Gay/bisexual minority men, substance abusers, and women. <ul> <li>In 1987, 22 percent of survey city cases (in 20 surveyed cities providing data for both time periods) were among Blacks; in 1990, this had increased to 27.2 percent.</li> <li>In 1987, 15.9 percent of survey city cases were among Hispanics. In 1990, Hispanics comprised 17.8 percent of AIDS cases in surveyed cities.</li> </ul> Fifty-three percent of the nation’s cumulative 1990 Black cases were in the survey cities, while 62 percent of the nation’s cumulative 1990 Hispanic cases were in survey cities. Blacks Nationally, Blacks comprise 28 percent of AIDS cases as of December 30, 1990. The percentage of cases reported among Blacks ranged from 2.6 percent in Anaheim to 85 percent in Newark. <ul> <li>In 1990, 66 percent of New Haven's total cases were among Blacks and 13 percent among Hispanics. In 1987, those percentages were 66 and 15, respectively.</li> <li>In 1990, 17 percent of Houston's total cases were among Blacks; 11 percent were among Hispanics. In 1987, 12 percent were among Blacks and 10 percent among Hispanics.</li> </ul> [Page 18] [Image of a 3-axis graph] Number of Cumulative Diagnosed AIDS Cases in Survey Cities, by Transmission Category, for Years Ending 1987 and 1990 [Page 19] <ul> <li>Fifty-five (55) percent of Philadelphia’s cumulative AIDS cases are among Blacks. Three years ago, 51 percent were among Blacks.</li> </ul> Future: Estimates on HIV Infection Among Blacks A select number of surveyed cities provided estimates on the racial/ethnic breakdown of their HIV infected populations. In several cities, an increasing proportion of the estimated HIV infected are Black as compared to current AIDS cases. <ul> <li>In Houston, 17 percent of current cases are among Blacks. An estimated 26 percent of Houston's HIV infected persons are Black, according to local estimates.</li> <li>Eighty-five percent of Newark’s AIDS cases are Black; 95 percent of the HIV infected are estimated to be Black.</li> </ul> Hispanics Nationally, Hispanics make up 16 percent of the total AIDS cases. <ul> <li>In the year ending 1990, the percentage of Hispanics among the total number of surveyed city AIDS cases ranged (from one percent in Baltimore, 98 percent in San Juan, 18.8 percent in Los Angeles and 27 percent in New York.</li> <li>Eighty-five (85) percent of the women in Philadelphia with AIDS are Latina.</li> <li>In Dallas, there were 56 cases among Hispanics in 1987; in 1990, 182 Hispanic cases were reported, a 225% increase.</li> <li>Boston's Hispanic cases increased from 40 to 124 over 1987 to 1990, a 210 percent increase.</li> </ul> Future: Estimates on HIV Infection Among Hispanics For estimates provided by cities on racial /ethnic breakdown of HIV infected persons, several cities project a greater proportion of their HIV infected populations will be Hispanic as compared to current city AIDS cases. <ul> <li>In Anaheim, 12.5 percent of AIDS cases are Hispanic; an estimated 17 percent of the HIV infected in Anaheim are Hispanic.</li> <li>San Francisco reports 8.3 percent of its AIDS cases among Hispanics but estimates that 12 percent of the HIV infected are Hispanic.</li> </ul> Asian/Pacific Islanders <ul> <li>In Seattle, 1.6 percent of the city’s AIDS cases were among Asian/Pacific Islanders in 1990. In San Francisco in 1990, 1.9 percent (188 cases) were among Asian/Pacific Islanders.</li> </ul> Native American <ul> <li>Fifty-two Native American AIDS cases were reported in Houston in 1990.</li> <li>Los Angeles had 16 Native American AIDS cases in 1990.</li> </ul> Women: An Increasing Proportion of Cases Nationally, 10.5 percent of AIDS cases are among women. <ul> <li>Among surveyed cities, Newark has the highest proportion of its cases among women: 32 percent of diagnosed AIDS cases as of the month ending February 1991.</li> <li>New Haven is second among reporting surveyed cities, with 28 percent of its cases among women.</li> <li>Jersey City reports 23.5 percent are female AIDS cases.</li> <li>San Juan is fourth: 21 percent are among women.</li> <li>Baltimore reports that 17.6 percent are among women—the fifth highest among surveyed cities.</li> </ul> Future: Estimated Women with HIV Infection Projections for the male/female proportions for estimated HIV infected populations also point to future increased cases of AIDS among women. [Page 20] [Image of a 3-axis graph] Number of Cumulative Diagnosed AIDS Cases in Survey Cities, by Race/Ethnicity, for Years Ending 1987 and 1990 [Page 21] <ul> <li>Houston estimates that 155 percent of the HIV infected in the city are women; only four percent of the city’s cumulative AIDS diagnosed cases are women.</li> <li>Current San Juan cases are 21 percent female. Officials there estimate that 28 percent of the city’s HIV infected are women.</li> </ul> Heterosexual Heterosexual AIDS cases are a low but increasing proportion of AIDS cases in surveyed cities. Nationally, five percent of cases are reported as occurring through heterosexual transmission. <ul> <li>Houston heterosexual cases rose from 23 for the year ending 1987 to 155 by the end of 1990.</li> <li>Tampa reported seven heterosexual cases in 1987; by 1990, that total had risen to 57.</li> <li>In New York City, 1073 cases by 1990 were among heterosexuals.</li> <li>Lauderdale reports 322 cases by 1990.</li> <li>Philadelphia's heterosexual cases rose from six to 67 from 1987 to 1990.</li> </ul> Pediatric Cases (0-12 years) In 1987 there were 762 cases of AIDS among children under 12 year sin 22 surveyed cities providing data; for 1987 and 1990. By 1990 there were 1,564 cases, an increase of 105 percent. As HIV increases among women, the number of children born with the disease will also rise. The Face of AIDS in America’s Cities Varies National statistics on AIDS present a composite picture of AIDS cases in the U.S. In individual cities, however, the face of AIDS may vary greatly from national statistics. For example: national figures show that by the month ending February 1990, 59 percent of all AIDS is caused are related to Gay/bisexual transmission, 22 percent through IV drug use. Blacks comprise 28 percent of the total and Hispanics 16 percent. Nationally, 10.5 percent of cases are among women. In cities, for the month ending February 1990: <ul> <li>In Jersey City, 23 percent of the AIDS cases are among women.</li> <li>Newark estimates that 95 percent of the HIV infected population is Black; currently, 85 percent of the city’s AIDS cases are among Blacks.</li> <li>In Seattle, 85 percent of the AIDS cases are among Gay/ bisexual males. Women account for two percent of cases. Fourteen percent of cases are among minorities.</li> <li>In Dallas, 70 percent of the AIDS cases are among white Gay/ bisexual men; 13 percent are among minority Gay/bisexual men.</li> <li>Denver estimates that 64 percent of the HIV infected population is white; 82 percent of the AIDS cases are among whites. Ninety-eight (98) percent of the AIDS cases in Denver are among men.</li> <li>By the end of 1990, half of New Haven’s AIDS cases were among IV drug abusers.</li> </ul> [Page 22] Paying for AIDS Care: Medicaid, Public Systems Carry Heavy Burden Background In order to estimate the source of payment of AIDS care costs, the Conference of Mayors asked surveyed cities the following question: “What percentage of AIDS diagnosed persons in your jurisdiction do you estimate are” covered by public or private health insurance. According to 15 surveyed cities providing data (out of 26 surveyed cities): <ul> <li>Medicaid coverage ranged from 31 to 66 percent of AIDS diagnosed persons in those cities (e.g., Houston, 66 percent; Denver, San Diego and Indianapolis, 50 percent each; Cleveland, 40 percent; Chicago, 35 percent).</li> <li>In 10 cities, “Other public health insurance” covers from two (2) percent to 45 percent of AIDS cases (e.g., Newark, 45 percent; Houston, 21 percent; Los Angeles, 16 percent).</li> <li>In 14 cities, private insurance covered from 15 percent to 55 percent of AIDS cases (Cleveland, 55 percent; Indianapolis, 50 percent; Philadelphia, 49 percent; Los Angeles, 37 percent; Jersey City, 20 percent; Newark, 15 percent).</li> </ul> Medicaid Pays Disproportionate Share The percent of persons diagnosed with AIDS covered by Medicaid ranges from 31-66 percent in the cities surveyed. <ul> <li>In Houston, 66 percent of cases are Medicaid covered.</li> <li>Sixty percent of Jersey City’s cases are covered under Medicaid.</li> <li>San Diego reports that 50 percent of cases are Medicaid covered.</li> <li>In Boston and Cleveland, 45 percent and 40 percent, respectively, are covered under Medicaid.</li> <li>Medicaid covers 30 percent of the AIDS care costs in Baltimore; 50 percent of Baltimore's costs are completely uncovered by public or private health insurance (see below, The Uninsured).</li> </ul> The Uninsured Persons not insured by public or private health insurance may have their costs covered by self-pay; local funds, particularly to public hospitals to provide for uncompensated care; state funds; or private resources. City estimates on AIDS diagnosed persons not covered by public or private health insurance included: <ul> <li>Chicago, with 35 percent uninsured;</li> <li>In Baltimore, an estimated 30 percent;</li> <li>Minneapolis, where 29 percent are uninsured;</li> <li>Denver, 25 percent;</li> <li>San Diego, with 20 percent are uninsured;</li> <li>Boston, 15 percent uninsured; and</li> <li>Newark, 13 percent.</li> </ul> Local Government Costs Local government payment of AIDS care costs can occur through earmarked local funds for AIDS care, as well as through uncompensated costs made through payments typically to public hospitals and other mechanisms in hospitals such as: cost-cutting measures in other hospital services, cross subsidies from private paying patients, draining of capital funds, and drawing down of hospital reserves. [Page 23] <ul> <li>Chicago reports that 35 percent of AIDS cases are uninsured, of which 40 percent are costs paid by local government and 40 percent are uncompensated. In Chicago and Cook County, HIV-related medical expenses are projected to increase by 252 percent between 1989 and 1994. City and county HIV expenditures are estimated to reach $317 million by 1994, of which 45 percent will be nonreimbursable and shifted to local government or absorbed by service providers.</li> <li>In Newark, 13 percent of cases are uninsured, of which 95 percent are covered by local funds. Baltimore reports that 50 percent of AIDS cases are uninsured. Of this, 75 percent is uncompensated and 20 percent is paid for with other, federal research funds. Five percent is covered by private resources.</li> <li>In Minneapolis, 29 percent are not insured, of which 75 percent is uncompensated care and 25 percent paid for with local funds.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>In San Diego, 20 percent are uninsured; 50 percent of these costs are covered by local funds and 30 percent are uncompensated.</li> <li>In Cleveland, five percent of AIDS care costs are uninsured, of which90 percent are uncompensated.</li> <li>In Boston, 15 percent of costs are uninsured, of which 50 percent are uncompensated and 10 percent are city funds. Ten percent of the costs of the medically indigent are covered by the federal government, through HRSA and BHCDA funds. Twenty percent are state funds (i.e., general relief, state).</li> <li>Seattle estimates that seven percent of cases are uninsured, of which 30 percent is uncompensated care.</li> </ul> Health Insurance Coverage of Persons Diagnosed with AIDS estimated percentages City Covered by or eligible for Medicaid Covered by other public health insurance Privately Other* Insured Baltimore 30.0 10.0 30.0 30.0 Boston 45.0 10.0 30.0 15.0 Chicago 35.0 0 30.0 35.0 Cleveland 40.0 0 55.0 5.0 Denver 50.0 0 25.0 25.0 Houston 66.0 21.0 ** ** Indianapolis 50.0 0 50.0 0 Jersey City 60.0 20.0 20.0 0 Los Angeles 39.0 16.0 37.0 8.0 Minneapolis*** 31.0 0 26.0 29.0 Newark 27.0 45.0 15.0 13.0 Philadelphia 39.0 2.0 49.0 10.0 San Diego 50.0 10.0 30.0 20.0 San Francisco 48.0 2.0 45.0 5.0 Seattle 36.0 8.0 38.0 18.0 *Includes those not insured by private or public insurances (i.e., self pay, other) **Unknown distribution of 12% among these three categories ***Coverage of 14% of AIDS diagnosed persons is unknown [Page 24] Testing and Counseling: More Seek Results Background As the efficacy of early intervention services becomes more evident, public education campaigns stressing the importance of HIV testing have been carried out at the local and national level. Survey results show that more people are seeking HIV counseling and testing services. Increased Numbers Vary Widely <ul> <li>Of the 17 cities reporting on changes in demand for HIV testing, 82 percent (14 cities) experienced an increase in demand for testing and counseling services, ranging from one percent in San Francisco to 500 percent in San Juan. Indianapolis reported that demand for testing remained constant. Two cities (Ft. Lauderdale and Minneapolis) experienced a decrease in percentages of persons seeking HIV testing and counseling services, 38 percent and 10 percent, respectively.</li> <li>For the nineteen cities reporting on the rate of HIV+ test results over the past three years: <ul> <li>42 percent (eight cities) reported a decrease in the rate of HIV positive results from testing and counseling sites over the past three years. The decrease ranged from one percent in Anaheim to 40 percent in San Juan. Other cities reporting a decrease include: Dallas, Houston, Kansas City, MO, Minneapolis, Philadelphia, and Seattle.</li> <li>in 32 percent of the cities (six respondents), the rate of HIV positive test results remained constant.</li> <li>26 percent (five cities) reported the ratee of people testing HIV positive has increased. The number of HIV positive test results over the last three years increased by 60 percent in New Orleans; 50 percent in Boston and New Haven; 12 percent in Tampa; and one percent in Baltimore.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Testing People at Disproportionate Risk Cities were asked to characterize the majority of persons receiving HIV testing and counseling services over the past year as either at “disproportionate” risk or generally at lower risk. Of the 26 responding, 69 percent reported that individuals at “disproportionate” risk of AIDS comprise the majority tested. For the 32 percent reporting that a majority seeking testing are “generally at lower risk,” cities attributed the failure of greater numbers of people at disproportionate risk to seek counseling and testing services to: fear of confidentiality breaches, lack of protection against discrimination, inability to deal emotionally with HIV positivity, distrust of government bureaucracy, and concerns that universal HIV reporting will be mandated (name reporting). Two cities (Seattle and San Juan) indicating a large increase in those being tested for HIV also reported that the majority of those tested were “generally at lower risk.” [Page 25] Early Intervention Background Early identification and treatment of HIV has proven effective in prolonging survival of persons with HIV infection. These services are not widely available to the HIV infected population. Services can range from an immune system assessment (e.g., T-cell count, white blood cell counts, platelet counts) to determine at what stage an individual is in the disease spectrum, to treatments including prophylactic drugs, management of opportunistic infections and a range of supportive services (e.g., psychosocial support, assistance in the modification of high risk behaviors, case management). In many cities there is direct referral from testing and counseling sites to early intervention services. Many early intervention programs have been overwhelmed since program operations began and have been forced to establish waiting lists for appointments. Newly established clinics must deal with a backlog of patients and itis difficult to catch up and meet increasing demand, especially if lack of funding permits clinics to be open only on a limited basis (one or two times a week). Waiting Lists Reported Cities surveyed were asked to indicate if waiting lists for early intervention services existed in their locales: 50 percent (12 of 24 cities) reported delays in scheduling appointments: <ul> <li>In Houston, initial assessments are readily available but the service system is so overwhelmed that no services are offered to asymptomatic individuals.</li> <li>In New York City the wait for an appointment ranges from 2 to 6 weeks.</li> <li>In Anaheim, 300 people are waiting up to two weeks to receive services. Ninety-five percent of the people on the waiting list are medically indigent.</li> <li>The New Haven Health Department provides HIV case management services. To schedule an initial appointment takes six weeks for adults and one month for children.</li> <li>San Diego has a wait of 4 to 6 weeks for initial appointments at publicly funded clinics.</li> <li>Newark has a wait of 3 to 5 weeks for early intervention services (immune system assessment and prophylactic treatment) funded by Medicaid and city welfare. Black IV drug users earning less than $8,500 make up the majority of those waiting for appointments.</li> <li>Indianapolis provides early intervention services with Medicaid funds and at the local county hospital for the indigent. There is a two week wait for services. Low income gay males (50% white, 50% Black) are primarily those waiting for services.</li> <li>In New Orleans, there is a 32 week wait for federally and state funded early intervention services.</li> <li>In Dallas, clients may have to wait one week for services and the waiting list for public services may contain up to 20 people. Among those waiting for appointments there is a disproportionate representation of IV drug users, heterosexuals, Hispanics, Blacks and low to moderate income individuals.</li> <li>At the Grady Infectious Disease Clinic in Atlanta, the county hospital-run HIV clinic, there is a three month waiting period for initial immune system assessments.</li> <li>In San Francisco, the wait for scheduling an initial appointment for early intervention services ranges from two to six weeks. There are 50-100 HIV infected individuals waiting for appointments.</li> </ul> [Page 26] Future Numbers of HIV Infected Will Overwhelm Systems Projections concerning the number of HIV infected individuals indicate that early intervention services will be in even higher demand. In Philadelphia, for example, with an estimated 24,000 in need of early intervention services, the city estimates that Ryan White CARE Act Title I funding will assure services for only one percent of the asymptomatic HIV infected population. Publicly Funded Early Intervention Services Publicly funded early intervention services exist in all of the cities surveyed. Early intervention services are funded by a variety of source in the 26 cities surveyed including HRSA Demonstration Grants, the State /Federal Drug Reimbursement Program, state funds, local funds (e.g., public hospitals, community health centers), private foundations and through the use of research funds (clinical trials). It is difficult to track the total number of HIV+ individuals receiving early intervention services in cities because individuals may receive care at private, non profit agencies. Those with private insurance will receive services from their own physicians. Examples of the number of HIV+ individuals receiving publicly funded early intervention services include: <ul> <li>100 clients in Baltimore partially funded by Medicaid, STD program funds and through research grants.</li> <li>151 clients in Seattle funded by federal HRSA funds and state funds. Seattle is beginning a promotional campaign to increase public awareness of the availability of the program.</li> <li>180 clients in Cleveland are partially funded by Medicaid and by public funds at the Free Medical Clinic Early Intervention Program. The number of clients increased by 25 percent over the past year.</li> <li>500 clients in Dallas are funded by Medicaid and other public funds for the Parkland HIV Outpatient Clinic.</li> <li>200 clients in Houston receive immune system assessments in three clinics funded by the state and Harris County.</li> <li>500 clients in San Diego receive services funded by HRSA and state funds.</li> <li>1000 clients in Anaheim are funded by HRSA demonstration funds and state early intervention funds;</li> <li>1850 clients in San Juan are funded by HRSA demonstration funds, a grant from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation and local city funds. The number of clients increased 50% over last year.</li> <li>400 clients receive publicly funded early intervention services in San Francisco. These services are funded by Medicaid and Medi-Cal (state funds).</li> </ul> [Page 27] Federal AIDS Drug Funds Inadequate: Half of Cities Cover Drug Costs Background State AIDS drug reimbursement— which pays for AZT (Retrovir) and other pharmaceuticals for low income, non-Medicaid eligible persons with HIV disease—is a federally funded program begun in fiscal year 1987 to provide formula grant funds to the states. The program was initiated by the Congress because of the high annual cost of AZT therapy. States determine their own income eligibility levels, which drugs to cover under their program, and their own method of operation. Beginning in fiscal year 1991, this program was incorporated into Title Il of the Ryan White CARE Act of 1990, making it one of four eligible activities to carry out under this authority. Generally, these programs are operated by the state government, utilizing a variety of mechanisms to provide therapeutics. Although AZT costs have come down since 1987, AZT and other AIDS drug costs continue to be significant. A typical AIDS patient's annual costs for AZT is $2,000-$3,000. (One manufacturer of pentamidine, a preventive therapy for the most common opportunistic AIDS-related illness, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, has raised the price of the drug by 400 percent according to the state of New York Department of Consumer Affairs.) City Residents on State Drug Programs Because the AIDS drug reimbursement programs are administered by states, many respondent cities were unable to document the number of city residents receiving drugs under their state programs. Only 14 cities could provide data. Twelve stated there were increases in the number of persons covered last year, ranging from five to 100 percent. San Diego and San Juan were the only two cities indicating no increases in the number of persons covered by their state drug reimbursement programs; cases of AIDS increased in both cities, however. City experiences with AIDS drug reimbursement were as follows: <ul> <li>Seattle experienced a 100 percent increase in the number of city residents covered under the state AZT drug reimbursement program, currently covering 252 persons.</li> <li>In Houston, a 50 percent increase occurred over last year, with the program currently covering 1,231 city residents.</li> <li>In Los Angeles, 1,650 city residents were receiving AZT in the state program.</li> <li>Anaheim increased by 30 percent, to 413 city residents.</li> </ul> Other cities experiencing increases included: <ul> <li>Cleveland (up 25 percent, to 23 persons);</li> <li>Tampa (20 percent increase, to 275 persons);</li> <li>Denver (15 percent over last year, to 424 city residents).</li> <li>In Jersey City, the number of people on the program doubled, from 50 to 100, from September 1989 to September 1990. Costs increased from $66,276.83 (for 357 prescription claims) to $104,626.27 (788 claims).</li> <li>In Newark, the number of people on the program also doubled, 78 to 157, from September 1989 to September 1990. Costs increased from $104,197 (for 485 prescription claims in 88-89) to $181,185 (1,034 claims in 89-90).</li> </ul> [Page 28] Local Funds Used to Pay for AIDS Drugs Fifty (50) percent of respondents (13 of 26) indicate that they utilized local funds to provide drugs to persons with AIDS and HIV infection who were not covered by the federal /state AIDS drug reimbursement program. However, only three (3) could provide data on the cost of these programs; difficulties cited in collecting data included the fact that drug expenses are not broken down by patient diagnosis. In New Haven, drugs are provided as part of medical benefits to city welfare recipients but no breakdown in costs are available for HIV drugs. Newark, under general assistance, pays for AIDS drugs, for which there is no dollar figure. Three (3) cities providing data on the amount of local funds expended, included: Denver ($650,000, an increase of 15 percent over last year); New Orleans (4 percent above last year); and Tampa ($78,000 or 15 percent above last year’s expenditures). Federal Drug Funds Won’t Meet Demand This Year in Most Cities Seventy-six percent (20 of 26) indicated that the federal AIDS drug reimbursement program will not meet the demand for AIDS drugs in their cities this year. Minneapolis reports that “everyone who meets requirements” is in the program. By contrast, other cities report: <ul> <li>Boston states that the state’s federal AIDS drug reimbursement program “will run out of money in mid-year.”</li> <li>New Haven states that the “program is underfunded and only provides AZT.”</li> <li>San Diego reports that the “projected shortfall is expected to be $150,000” by the end of June.</li> </ul> Federal Funds: Ryan White Act Called a “Band-aid, Not a Bailout” In 1990, the Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act (CARE) of 1990 was passed overwhelmingly by the Congress, bringing the federal government's AIDS service dollars under a unified legislative package. Authorized at$275 million in fiscal year 1990, Title I of the Act, which provides funding directly to cities most affected by the AIDS epidemic, received $87.8 million (32 percent of the authorized level). Title II, also receiving $87.8 million of its $275 million authorization, provides funding for AIDS services through the states. One city official referred to the Ryan White CARE Act as “a band-aid, not a bail-out.” In its FY91 supplemental competitive application for funding, Boston’s Ryan White planning council identified $10 in care needs for every dollar received in Title I funds. San Diego’s planning council estimates $6.1 million of unmet needs. Two more cities, Baltimore and Oakland, will become eligible for Title I funding in FY92 and will compete for an as yet unknown amount of funds. [Page 29] Service Needs of People With AIDS: Local Conditions Define Gaps Background Persons with HIV / AIDS have a range of service needs, depending on the stage and specific manifestation of their HIV illness. Inpatient hospital care comprises only one part of the spectrum of service needs of persons with AIDS and reflects management of the periodic and debilitating opportunistic infections that overtake a person with AIDS. Ongoing service needs, those that help in avoiding hospitalization, include: home care, housing, ongoing outpatient care, case management, mental health, substance abuse treatment, and social services (e.g., food, advocacy). Most Common Gaps Cities were asked to identify specific populations of persons diagnosed with AIDS for whom services are lacking. Cities were also asked to identify which services are most needed, but are currently unavailable. Twenty-four of 25 surveyed cities responded that services were lacking for some population. The unmet service needs—and the subpopulations experiencing the greatest gaps—vary from city to city, reflecting the different characteristics of AIDS caseloads, persons infected and health service delivery systems in communities. Generally, systems are strained, with a wide range of populations with unmet needs and services lacking. For example, in Kansas City, MO, all groups were identified as having service gaps, as determined by the city’s Ryan White Title II planning process. In New Orleans, racial and ethnic minorities in general were identified as populations lacking services. Cleveland identified Hispanic persons with AIDS as a population in need. <ul> <li>Groups in Greatest Need. Substance abusers were identified by 50 percent of respondents as a service need population. The “uninsured” and women were each identified by 46 percent of respondent cities (11 of 24 providing data) as service need populations. Other populations identified most often by respondent cities as having unmet service needs included: the homeless (42 percent, 10 of 24 cities), and the incarcerated (21 percent). Others listed included racial/ethnic minorities, mentally ill, minority Gay/bisexual men, and Gay/bisexual adolescents.</li> <li>Services Most Lacking. Services most frequently listed as lacking – across all groups – were outpatient care, substance abuse treatment and housing, followed by home care and long term care. Other categories listed included: mental health services, social services (including legal services and transportation), and case management.</li> </ul> Populations With Greatest Gaps <ul> <li>Substance Abusers - Twelve cities list substance abusers as a service population in need. Services identified most frequently as lacking are substance abuse treatment, and housing, followed by home care, case management, outpatient health care, and social services. <ul> <li>Houston lists minority IV drug users as a service need population. In describing service needs, Houston explains that the system is overwhelmed in all areas for everyone. However, minority substance abusers (as well as women and the homeless) have an especially hard time accessing care.</li> <li>Newark lists substance abuse treatment, long term care, and mental health services as top needs of substance abusers.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Women - Home care, housing, long term care, outpatient care, and mental health were most frequently listed as service needs. <ul> <li>According to New Haven, “support for women with HIV who are caregivers is sorely lacking.”</li> <li>In Ft. Lauderdale, these services for women and children are described as “sorely lacking.”</li> </ul> </li> </ul> [Page 30] <ul> <li>Housing for women with HIV, case management, and outpatient health care are the top identified needs in Indianapolis.</li> <li>In Newark, social services, substance abuse treatment, and home care are the top three service needs.</li> </ul> In New York City, close to 5,000 women have AIDS; 16-20,000 children will lose their mothers from AIDS by 1993 in the city. Houston reports the city has the highest prevalence of HIV in Texas among women of childbearing age. <ul> <li>Uninsured - Home care, outpatient care, and housing are most frequently identified as service needs for the uninsured.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Housing, case management, and outpatient care are top identified needs for the uninsured in Indianapolis.</li> <li>Outpatient care is “seriously lacking” for the uninsured in Ft. Lauderdale.</li> <li>Chicago identifies outpatient care as a top need for the uninsured.</li> </ul> <ul> <li>Homeless - Housing and outpatient care are the top service needs for homeless persons with HIV. <ul> <li>Boston lists chief service needs for the homeless with HIV as case management, homecare, housing, mental health, substance abuse treatment, and social services (e.g., food, advocacy, support groups).</li> <li>Outpatient health care and housing are service needs described by New Orleans.</li> <li>In New York City, an estimated six percent of the homeless are HIV infected. In San Francisco, there are 1,000 homeless persons with AIDS.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> Services Most Often Lacking Services most frequently listed as lacking—across all groups—were outpatient care, substance abuse treatment, and housing, followed by home care and long term care. Other categories listed included: mental health services, social services (including legal services and transportation), and case management. <ul> <li>Substance Abuse Treatment - In Los Angeles, 38 percent of the need for resident detox programs for those with HIV is not met.</li> <li>Housing - San Francisco estimates that, over the next three years, 1,200 new housing units will be needed for people with AIDS.</li> <li>Home Care - In 1989 in Houston, 78 percent of AIDS patients discharged from the hospital were without any home care service.</li> <li>Outpatient Care - Houston estimates that demand for outpatient care for indigents will increase by 48 percent from 1990 through 1991.</li> <li>Mental Health - In Chicago this year, 87 percent of the 642 persons estimated to seek mental health services will receive none, despite Ryan White CARE Act funds.</li> <li>Case Management - Los Angeles states that only 17 percent of those with HIV needing case management receive it. In Chicago, approximately 2,800 persons with HIV need case management services; over half will not receive them despite Ryan White CARE Act funds.</li> <li>Dental - In Houston, there is a 2-3 month wait for dental services at the only publicly funded clinic serving people with HIV.</li> </ul> [Page 31] Prevention Education: Gaps Seen, Ongoing Education Needed Background It has long been recognized that effective HIV prevention programs must be locally developed and based. With no cure for AIDS foreseen, prevention programs are the only truly effective weapon against the further spread of the disease. In this time of severe fiscal constraints, it has been increasingly difficult for cities to maintain funds for prevention efforts as caseloads and the cost of care and services increase. <ul> <li>Eighty percent (20 of 25) of cities utilize local funds for prevention activities. Of these cities, twelve (60 percent) had increased their funding of AIDS prevention activities in the past three years. The increase over the past three years ranged from 10 percent in San Diego to 2,000 percent in San Juan.</li> <li>Of the 18 cities providing dollar amounts of funding for AIDS prevention efforts, the amount of local funds spent in the past fiscal year ranged from $10,000 in Cleveland to $3,776,103 in Seattle.</li> </ul> Increased Service Needs Rob Prevention Dollars Decisions about health spending often pit health services against prevention, with prevention spending often losing. <ul> <li>Fifty percent of cities (10 of 20 cities responding) indicated that AIDS services demands have held constant or decreased local funding for AIDS prevention.</li> <li>Thirty percent (six cities) indicated that their prevention spending had increased.</li> <li>Twenty percent (four cities) responded that the demand for services had no impact on funding for services.</li> </ul> Factors in addition to service demands in the community can also result in a decrease of funds (not limited to public funds) available for HIV prevention efforts. Seattle, for example reported that decreases in state grant funds in the city coupled with growing demand for services has caused support for prevention efforts to erode. Gaps in Prevention Education Cities were asked to list which population groups in their locality have been identified as having gaps in HIV prevention education. Twenty-five of the 26 survey respondents indicated that gaps existed in their community. Transmission categories <ul> <li>Minority Gay/bisexual males. Gaps in educating minority Gay/bisexual males were identified by 88 percent (22 of 25) of the cities with education gaps. Of these the most prevalent gaps were noted as “lack of success in identifying effective intervention” (7 cities) and the need for re-education given relapse into unsafe behavior (8 cities). Five cities reported that no programs have specifically targeted this population.</li> <li>Non-minority Gay males. Eighty percent identified gaps in educating non-minority, Gay white males; most commonly, the cities cited a need for re-education, given identified relapse into unsafe behaviors (16 of 20). New York City and Los Angeles reported that programs do exist but that they must be expanded to meet needs within the community. Boston identified segments of the Gay population (Gay youth, bisexual men who do not identify as Gay, and Gay IV drug users) as populations for which successful interventions have not been developed.</li> <li>IV Drug Abusers. Forty percent (8 of 20 cities reporting) identified IV drug abusers as having prevention education gaps. The major gap identified was lack of programs designed to prevent “relapse” into unsafe behaviors. The lack of […]</li> </ul> [Page 32] […] effective interventions was also cited as a barrier to providing HIV risk reduction information to IV drug users, identified by seven respondents. <ul> <li>Sixteen cities (64 percent) reported gaps in prevention education programs for heterosexuals. Twenty-five percent of these cities (4) noted that no programs specifically target this population locally, while a like number reported a lack of success in developing effective interventions and the need for re-education due to relapse.</li> </ul> Racial/ethnic minorities <ul> <li>Seventy-six percent reported gaps in prevention education targeted to African-Americans. Of these, 42 percent (8 cities) noted a need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors. Six cities (32 percent) reported a lack of success in developing successful interventions to reach Blacks.</li> <li>Eighty percent indicated that gaps existed in HIV prevention education for Hispanics. Of this number, 35 percent (7 cities) noted a need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors, and 20 percent (4 cities) cited a lack of success in developing effective interventions.</li> </ul> Youth, Women <ul> <li>Seventy-two percent (18 cities) reported gaps in education targeting high-risk youth. Of these, five (28 percent) indicated that no programs have specifically targeted this population, while six (33 percent) reported a need for re-education given relapse into unsafe behaviors. Two cities (11 percent) notes a lack of success in developing successful interventions.</li> <li>Seventy-two percent also reported gaps in education targeting women. Of these, five (28 percent) reported a need for re-education due to relapse into unsafe behaviors, and four (22 percent) reported no programs specifically targeting this population.</li> </ul> Constraints to the Provision of HIV Prevention Education When asked to identify constraints to HIV education efforts, eight cities (32 percent) reported the top constraint as the difficulty in accessing hard-to-reach persons. Six cities (24 percent) identified as a significant restraint denial among high risk populations. Other constraints identified by cities tended to reflect problems that were unique or resulting from local conditions. <ul> <li>Houston reported the most significant constraint as the geographic dispersity of the community and physical difficulty in accessing target populations.</li> <li>Lack of culturally appropriate staffing was a significant concern of many cities. Houston, Cleveland, Jersey City, New Orleans, Newark and San Francisco reported difficulty in recruiting bilingual/bicultural public health educators.</li> <li>Two cities, Los Angeles and San Diego, identified lack of funding as the greatest constraint to prevention efforts.</li> </ul> [Page 33] Systems Realize Strains Health Service Systems Under Stress In 75 percent of cities responding (18 out of 24 responses), service systems were realizing strains due to the AIDS crisis. Most often cited were staff shortages, training needs, staff burnout, and inadequate space and facilities. Sixty-three percent (15 of 24 cities) listed staff issues (i.e., insufficient staff, staff recruitment, or high turnover) as major problems. <ul> <li>Cleveland and New Haven, New Orleans, and San Francisco referenced staff burnout.</li> <li>Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New Orleans, Philadelphia, and Tampa mention staff recruitment problems.</li> <li>Kansas City, MO, calls attention to the “limited number of providers who treat HIV / AIDS cases.”</li> <li>In Chicago, chronic staff shortages in the Cook County Hospital are evident. The AIDS unit has only 20 of 30 AIDS dedicated beds filled due to chronic nursing shortages and difficulty in recruiting personnel for the ward.</li> </ul> Thirty-three percent (8 of 24) listed inadequate facilities and space as a major infrastructure problem. <ul> <li>Boston, Houston, New York City, and Philadelphia list inadequate space and facilities.</li> </ul> Prevention Systems Also Realize Weaknesses Sixty-four percent of cities (16 of 25 cities) reported that infrastructure problems had resulted in a “negative impact on prevention education efforts.” Fifty-two percent listed staffing as the most common concern (e.g., difficulty in recruiting qualified staff, retention, staff burnout, training). Specifically, cities reported difficulty in recruiting qualified staff (i.e., those willing to work on HIV related issues or culturally sensitive staff), staff retention, and burnout. <ul> <li>Atlanta reported that employees remain in HIV related positions for an average of 1.5-2 years, making it difficult to maintain continuity in programs.</li> <li>Houston cited difficulties in recruiting bilingual/bicultural staff.</li> <li>New York City states that the city’s fiscal crisis “has led to staff shortages” and that “space shortages] (chronic) undercut training programs.”</li> </ul> Other problems mentioned included: lack of stable funding from year to year, interdepartmental competition for funds, and funding restrictions for HIV prevention programs. Chronic facility space shortages were also identified as a problem. [Page 34] Future: AIDS Care and Prevention Needs Local Resources Inadequate to Meet Growing Need The future impact of the AIDS epidemic on America’s cities is reflected in the increase in projected AIDS cases in surveyed cities. Local resources cannot fill the gap between future caseload estimates and care and prevention needs. None of the cities surveyed indicated that they would be able to meet projected demand for HIV-related prevention and health care services with existing local resources. City comments included: <ul> <li>Los Angeles: “The local caseload is too large. Los Angeles County is fiscally overburdened in most public service areas and cannot absorb all AIDS related expenses.”</li> <li>New Haven: “Because New Haven is overwhelmed with multiple urgent health and social problems, the volume of demand for services due to our large population of residents with HIV infection and illness is already overstressing systems that were stretched thin before AIDS hit. The majority of people affected are indigent and a significant proportion must also be medically indigent though we do not have available data on this phenomenon at present.”</li> <li>Seattle: “Local resources comprise approximately four (4) percent of the AIDS resources for Seattle- King County. The majority of support is dependent on federal, state and foundation grants. Many of these grants expire within the next 18 months. Local revenues are unlikely to meet these resultant gaps.”</li> <li>Tampa: “The growing numbers of infected individuals will quickly overload the medical care system.”</li> </ul> Other city responses: <ul> <li>Lauderdale: “Local resources do not put a dent in the problem.”</li> <li>Baltimore: “The economy makes any major increase in local budget out of the question” in dealing with projected increased demand for HIV prevention and health services.</li> <li>Houston simply states that “projected numbers exceed local resource capability.”</li> <li>Indianapolis, in explaining the inability to meet projected demand, states that “HIV is not perceived as a threat to the general heterosexual community yet.”</li> <li>In Kansas City, Missouri, “local resources are inadequate.”</li> <li>Minneapolis: “Decreasing dollars in all areas of local programs mean that HIV prevention may not be a priority.”</li> <li>San Francisco reports that "because of large city and state budget deficits...there will be fewer related public health programs, most notably mental health, prevention, and community based programs."</li> <li>New York City mentions the “sheer scale of the epidemic here” in addressing the adequacy of</li> <li>local resources.</li> <li>San Diego: “Both state and local government [are] in extreme financial distress.”</li> <li>San Juan: “Every day, cases increase. The proportion of new [financial] sources does not increase at [the] same rate.”</li> <li>Anaheim: “The anticipated future caseload will produce a demand for services that will not be met with the current level of funding.”</li> </ul> Looking for Funds to Meet Future Demand Seventy-two percent of survey respondents were not able to identify a source of funding for future needs. Survey respondents often cited federal resources as a source for coping with future caseloads. Baltimore, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Jersey City, and San Diego specifically refer to Ryan White CARE Act funds as a needed resource. [Page 35] <ul> <li>Baltimore will look to state and federal medical assistance, research money, and Ryan White CARE Act Title I funds to cover needed expansions.</li> <li>Boston has no identified source of funding future needs but rather states that “only limited federal funds have been identified through the CARE Act. With the potential dismantling of state Medicaid optional services (as proposed in the current state budget) services will be cut, not expanded.”</li> <li>Lauderdale: “Ryan White [funding] will keep us at the current level of services.” Ft. Lauderdale has 2,632 current AIDS cases and estimates there are an estimated 6,175-30,876 HIV infected in Ft Lauderdale.</li> <li>According to Chicago, “the Ryan White CARE Act provides much needed funds; however, without full appropriations, service needs will remain unmet.”</li> <li>Cleveland: “Unless funds from federal and state governments increase in this area, Cleveland will be hard pressed to financially maintain the needed resources. Local funds have already begun to plug gaps created by state and federal cuts. This cannot continue.”</li> <li>Dallas identified Ryan White CARE Act funds, state HIV services grants, other federal programs, as well as city-county and private contributions as possible sources of funding.</li> <li>Jersey City looks to Ryan White CARE Act funds as well as The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.</li> <li>San Diego will look to funds “partially through CARE Act Titles I and I.” San Juan identifies federal and private foundation funds.</li> <li>Seattle: “The estimated revenue from all sources for all AIDS/HIV activities within the health department in 1991 is $10,364,494. The projected revenues for 1992 are currently estimated at $8,161,778 which represents a 21 percent decrease in funding. Meanwhile, surviving AIDS cases are estimated to increase by 26 percent by the end of 1992.”</li> </ul> Planning for the Future As the epidemic continues, cities have undertaken a range of planning approaches in dealing with increasing numbers of AIDS cases as well as persons with asymptomatic HIV infection. These plans are often developed in a consortium with community service providers and often seek to address early intervention needs of persons not showing signs of HIV-related illness. <ul> <li>In Baltimore, a major new initiative is “to practice early intervention in STD clinics where approximately 600 new HIV infections each year are diagnosed.” San Francisco has developed plans which integrate and consolidate HIV prevention messages with that of other STD programs.</li> <li>Boston: “Plans are being developed to establish early intervention/prevention services and integrating primary care with drug treatment; further plans have been developed to expand home based services. Lack of funding is a major barrier to expansion.”</li> <li>Los Angeles: “Through federal CARE Act funds, we are establishing and strengthening early intervention and outpatient care facilities in diverse geographic areas of the county. We are also strengthening the referral network from HIV testing to treatment and social services.”</li> <li>Houston reports that “limited funding for early intervention services [is] to begin in summer 1991."</li> <li>Philadelphia: “Comprehensive geographic planning is ongoing to link outreach and prevention efforts with direct medical services, along with enhancement of psychosocial support network.”</li> <li>Tampa: The county health department plan for care involves individuals diagnosed with HIV cared for in Primary Care Clinics; those with AIDS/ARC cared for in the specialized Patient Care Clinic.</li> <li>In San Juan, the emphasis is on home care and ambulatory services rather than inpatient care. Case management services as well as increased prevention education activities for IV drug users, gay/bisexual men and women are planned.</li> </ul> [Page 36] THE UNITED STATES CONFERENCE OF MAYORS 1620 Eye Street, Northwest Washington, DC. 20006 (202) 293-7330 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [1991] Impact of AIDS on American Cities Subject The topic of the resource The Impact of AIDS on American Cities: A 26 City Report for the U.S. Conference of Mayors Task Force for AIDS, June 1991 Description An account of the resource Photocopies of a comprehensive report conducted by the United States Conference of Mayors Task Force for AIDS detailing the trends of the spread and treatment of HIV/AIDS in urban areas, 36 pages. Their assessment covers how the surveyed cities concentrate a majority of the AIDS population counted, cases by various demographics, how Medicaid and other local costs fund care coverage, delays in intervention and needed services, the overwhelming demand for federally funded medication, strains on public services, and gaps in education. Includes both a standard PDF and a copy with searchable text. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource United States Conference of Mayors Task Force for AIDS Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available United States Conference of Mayors Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 1991 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Robert M. Isaac, Art Agnos, Thomas Cochran, Alan E. Gambrell, Richard D. Johnson, Paula M. Jones, Jeffrey A. Menzer, Richard D. Johnson, William Brian Mays, Stuart P. Campbell 1991 AIDS AIDS cases by ethnicity AIDS cases by gender AIDS cases by orientation AIDS deaths AIDS drug reimbursement AIDS drugs AIDS panic AIDS reporting AIDS research AIDS service needs AIDS Task Force AIDS testing AIDS treatment AIDS/HIV AIDS/HIV discrimination AIDS/HIV drugs AIDS/HIV education AIDS/HIV laws AIDS/HIV longterm survivors AIDS/HIV prevention AIDS/HIV reporting AIDS/HIV research AIDS/HIV testing AIDS/HIV treatment Anaheim Art Agnos Atlanta AZT Baltimore Boston CARE Act Chicago Cleveland Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act (CARE) Dallas Denver Ft. Lauderdale health insurance healthcare HIV HIV cases increase HIV diagnose HIV drug study HIV prevention HIV regimen HIV research HIV testing HIV treatment HIV/AIDs HIV/AIDS bias HIV/AIDS research HIV/AIDs testing Houston Indianapolis insurance J. Thomas Cochran Jersey City Kansas City Los Angeles Medicaid Medicaid Cuts Minneapolis New Haven New Orleans New York City Newark Philadelphia Phoenix Robert Isaac Robert M. Isaac Ryan White care Act Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act Ryan White Comprehensive AIDS Resources Emergency Act (CARE) San Diego San Francisco San Juan Seattle state AIDS drug reimbursement Tampa Task Force on AIDS Thomas Cochran United States Conference of Mayors US Conference of Mayors US Conference of Mayors Task Force on AIDS https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/386e661746689c370ed2778f6c708546.jpg b118be5a890bb797e17cb3d63abb3540 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource {ND] Photo of Drag Performer and Patron Description An account of the resource A photo of a drag performer leaning down to a patron. Undated. Subjects currently unidentified. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Unknown photographer Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource N/D https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/e0d9822a3b0c3fe642a7bd1370cfd359.mp4 23c5fb4ac876f8aa1f3cd6c4f2150900 https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/bf801acb870eabb3456af5bad0e8a015.pdf 60b339d8fd9b78d08a569347020151b2 PDF Text Text Oklahomans for Equality About the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt with Val Bode and Doug Hartson Interview Conducted by Dennis Neill and Toby Jenkins Date: February 12, 2026 Edited By: Dennis Neill using Riverside Studio AI, March 28th, 2026 Restrictions: N/A Oklahomans for Equality History Project 621 E. 4th Street Tulsa, OK. 74120 918.743.4297 historyproject@okeq.org 1 �About the Names Project: The NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt, conceived in 1985 by activist Cleve Jones in San Francisco, is a massive community art project honoring those lost to the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Officially founded in 1987, it features over 50,000 handmade panels, serving as a powerful memorial and educational tool against stigma. Key Historical Moments:  1985 Concept: During a candlelight march for Harvey Milk, Cleve Jones learned over 1,000 San Franciscans had died of AIDS. He had marchers write names on placards and tape them to the Federal Building, creating a patchwork look.  1987 Formation: The NAMES Project Foundation was established to create a lasting, traveling memorial, as many victims had no funerals.  1987 Debut: The Quilt was first displayed on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., during the National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights, featuring 1,920 panels.  1988 Tour: A 20-city national tour added thousands of new panels, highlighting the nationwide impact of the epidemic.  Growth and Legacy: By 2012, it was too large to be displayed in one place, with over 48,000 panels.  2019 Homecoming: The Quilt was moved from Atlanta back to San Francisco to be managed by the National AIDS Memorial, ensuring its preservation. The Quilt has served as a critical tool in fighting the stigma, ignorance, and bigotry surrounding the AIDS epidemic. Tulsa Involvement: With the leadership of Jack Francis, Val Bode, Doug Hartson and other volunteers, portions of the Names Project Quilts were displayed on four occasions. For their excellent organization and community outreach, the National Names Project awarded the Tulsa Names Project the Chapter of the Year in 1995. The Dennis R. Neill Equality Center was one of the few centers in the country to be designated as a permanent location for portions of the Quilt. However, in 2018, the Names Project requested all panels be returned to San Francisco. Hundreds of people came to the Equality Center for a final farewell. Tulsa was able to make large silk screen copies of the panels for permanent display in the Center before the Quilts were returned. 2 �Ginnie Graham with the Tulsa World wrote an article on November 28, 2018 about the farewell. Below is an extract from the article: In 1990, about 800 of the panels came to the Maxwell Convention Center, where at least 50 new ones were added. “This is not a screaming protest. It is a beautiful, gentle way to show the enormity of the problem,” Tulsa display chairman Jack Francis told the Tulsa World. In 1993, the AIDS Quilt returned with about 1,000 panels, and about 60 more from northeastern Oklahoma were added. Those included a tranquil scene of flowers with a yellow sun for Zac Sweeney, who died at age 29; a theatrical mask and ballet shoes against a fuchsia background covered in sequins for 31-year-old Chris Monnet, who choreographed two Miss Oklahoma pageants; and a bouquet of balloons made of felt for David Wayne Robinson. In 1995, the Tulsa Fairgrounds Pavilion hosted enough panels to fill the lengths of two football fields. Among new Quilt panels was one for 32-year-old Wesley Townsley. A gold hook in a picture of a large fishing rod was made of a purse chain from his grandmother, who died six months before he did. ____________________________________________________ 3 �On February 12, 2026, Dennis Neill and Toby Jenkins interviewed Val Bode and Doug Hartson about their involvement with the Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. The interview took place in the Nancy and Joe McDonald Library located in the Dennis R. Neill Equality Center in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Keywords NAMES Project, AIDS Memorial Quilt, Tulsa community, Doug Hartson, Val Bode, personal stories, community support, fundraising, legacy, healing Summary This conversation explores the profound impact of the NAMES Project and the AIDS Memorial Quilt on the Tulsa community, featuring personal stories from Doug Hartson and Val Bode. They share their experiences of loss, healing, and community support while discussing the importance of remembrance and advocacy in the face of the AIDS epidemic. The dialogue highlights the Quilt's role in changing perceptions, fostering understanding, and providing a therapeutic outlet for those affected by the disease. The speakers also reflect on the challenges faced in promoting the project and the legacy it leaves for future generations. Takeaways  Doug Hartson became involved with the NAMES Project to connect with the community.  Val Bode's brother's illness with AIDS motivated her to create a Quilt panel.  The Quilt serves as a therapeutic outlet for remembering lost friends.  Community support was crucial for the success of the NAMES Project in Tulsa.  The Quilt changed people's perspectives on AIDS and its victims.  Personal stories shared through the Quilt fostered healing and understanding.  Fundraising events like 'Feast with Friends' were vital for sustaining the project.  The NAMES Project had a significant national impact, culminating in displays on the National Mall.  Challenges included societal stigma and resistance to discussing AIDS openly.  The legacy of the NAMES Project continues through education and remembrance efforts. Chapters 00:00 Introduction to the NAMES Project and Personal Stories 02:52 Doug Hartson's Journey with the NAMES Project 4 �05:59 Val Bode's Personal Connection to the Quilt 09:02 The Impact of the Quilt on the Community 12:14 Family Stories and Healing Through the Quilt 15:02 Remembering Friends Lost to AIDS 17:58 The Role of Community in the NAMES Project 20:55 Fundraising and Community Engagement 24:05 The Importance of Local Support 26:54 The Final Display of the Quilt in 1996 30:14 Reflections on the NAMES Project's Legacy 39:59 The Emotional Impact of the Quilt 42:31 Community Support and Resistance 45:35 Fundraising and Financial Support 50:51 Counseling and Emotional Support 52:13 Personal Stories and Connections 53:59 Panel Submission and Documentation 57:46 Jack's Legacy and Personal Connections 01:06:01 The Quilt as a Tool for Advocacy 01:12:03 Medical Advances and Their Impact 01:15:20 Preserving the Legacy of the Quilt Dennis Neill: My name is Dennis Neill, and we also have present Amanda Thompson, the archivist, and Toby Jenkins, and we'll have the opportunity to interview Doug Hartson and Val Bode. And the purpose of this interview, on February, the 12th, 2026, in the Nancy and Joe McDonald Library at the Equality Center, is to review the history of the NAMES Project as it impacted the Tulsa community and the great involvement of both Doug and Val in the Tulsa chapter, as well as their work with the national organization. Doug, would you introduce yourself and tell us a little bit about your first engagement, one with the organization of OHR and TOHR and then the NAMES Project? Doug Hartson: Well, I'm Doug Hartson and I got involved, gosh, near the very, very beginning, when we were meeting in homes, and then we finally moved our monthly meetings to the Aronson auditorium in the downtown library, Central Library, and I basically became involved because I wasn't necessarily the little barfly that went out 5 �every night or every weekend, so I wanted more of a communal contact with others and wanted to really get involved in the community and helping in any way I could to have another outlet in lieu of going to some of the clubs. And gosh, that was in 80,, what was that? 80?, 81?, anyway. So and then, having done that for quite a while and unfortunately starting to lose friends to AIDS, I got in touch, I guess, with Val or with the organization and became very involved in the NAMES Project AIDS Memorial Quilt chapter here and was involved in several displays in Tulsa and then the March in Washington in 93, and then also the final full display in DC in 1996, October of 96. I made quite a few panels for friends that I had lost and just felt the need to let them not be forgotten, and it was also therapeutic and healing to do a Quilt and remember special little things that you put on the Quilt that reminded you of them and our friendship. Dennis Neill: Thank you, Doug. Val, could you kind of introduce your work initially with the NAMES Project and how long that carried on for you? Val Bode: I'm Val Bode and I first became involved with the Quilt when my brother was ill with AIDS. It was very early in the epidemic in 1988, and we had moved him from Houston back to my parents' home in Broken Arrow so the family could care for him and one day we received a phone call. We had many phone calls from friends of his in Houston checking on him, but we received a phone call from a friend, and I answered the phone and visited with the friend who said to me I plan to make a Quilt panel for Kenny when he's gone. And I said I'm not sure I know what that is. And he described the NAMES Project Quilt to me and that stayed with me in the following weeks and after my brother died I wanted to know more about it. And this was back in the days before we had the internet and all of our information at our fingertips. And, as luck would have it, there appeared in the newspaper, the Tulsa World, an article about the NAMES project Quilt coming to Oklahoma City and there was a phone number to call for information. I called the number and received this man with a deep, deep, resonant voice who explained to me all about the Quilt and its visit to Oklahoma City. And by the time I finished the phone call I had volunteered to help with the display and my sister and I both volunteered at that display in Oklahoma City. And that was in early- I think it was early 89, and Kenny had been gone less than a year. And we went to see the Quilt and, sure enough, the panel that his friend in Houston had made was within the sections that were on display, and while it was beautiful, I felt a great sadness because I hadn't taken part in making it, but by the end of the day, I learned that many people had more than one panel and that it was perfectly fine for myself and or my family to make a panel for him, and so we- my sister and my parents- left that day planning to do so and we made his panel. We spelled out his name in Legos. I don't know if that shows very well Dennis, but he was somewhat of a Lego maniac and that was one of the things that he enjoyed in his last months was drawing a building on paper and then reproducing it in Legos, and so we felt like we had to include the Legos, and I was, I was telling earlier about my dad's reluctance to participate in making the Quilt. He thought that was something that mom and the girls should do, and when we talked about the Legos, we were 6 �trying to figure out how to get them on the fabric in a way that they would stay, and we were at my parents’ house. My dad was watching a baseball game, and I took some Legos to him and I said: ”Daddy, we want to spell out Kenny's name in Legos, but we have to sew them on the Quilt. Can you make holes in these so we can sew them on like buttons?”. And he said, “Well, let me see what I can do”. And he took them into the garage. My dad took them into the garage and he came back and each Lego had eight holes around the side and from that moment on he was totally involved with the making of the panel. We sent the panel to Washington, to actually to San Francisco, where the Quilt was at home at the time, and from that day on I was involved with the Quilt. Jack Francis was determined that we have a chapter in Tulsa and so he and I really went forward with that plan and tried to get a chapter in Tulsa, which we did successfully, I think in 90, about 90, and it took a lot of hard work but we did it and we subsequently had, I believe, four major displays in Tulsa, countless small displays, outreach efforts in Tulsa and the surrounding area. Many, many of our panels went to rural areas and I have felt over these years what important work that we did with the Quilt. We saw people who became humbled and changed when they visited the Quilt. We showed the Quilt either in the Maxwell Convention Center, the Pavilion at the fairgrounds… Doug Hartson: I displayed it at Boston Avenue United Methodist Church and other churches through other organizations. It got out there and it did change people's perspective; that it wasn't just a quote-unquote gay disease, that somebody knew someone, that six degrees of separation that had died from AIDS as the pandemic grew, unfortunately, and we lost more friends. But it was also important to get the Quilt out so people understood what it meant and the information behind it and that we just never would forget our friends. Dennis Neill: Speaking of friends and family, Val, could you explain a little bit more about your brother, and I believe his last name was Valentine. Val Bode: Correct. Dennis Neill: Could you share a little bit more about your brother? Val Bode: Kenny Valentine was a forever student. He was, he was eager to learn and he was a student at Oklahoma State for many number of years and I, in recollection, I don't think he ever actually got a degree, but he was interested in so many things: languages, foreign languages. He learned Biblical Hebrew, he learned Russian, he learned German, French. He just had a zeal for learning things. And he had an innate talent drawing and creating things out of Legos. I have in my bedroom a picture that was drawn on a piece of typing paper with a pencil when my daughter, who is now 60, was a little bit of a girl, probably five years old, went to Uncle Kenny and said, Uncle Kenny, will you draw me a lighthouse? And he drew this lovely picture of a lighthouse and the rocky shore and the turbulent water coming in. And I've tried to preserve that. We have a lot of memories of him. He had a great sense of humor and was reluctant to move to Tulsa when he was ill, but he needed help and we pretty much insisted that he come to Tulsa. My parents were alive at the time and in good health. So I remember saying to him, Kenny, I 7 �think you should live with me. And he said, no, that's not a good idea because I'm going to get worse and you're going to have to still go to work and at least Mom and Dad are at home. And I said to him, but you know what's going to happen. Mom's going to think if she feeds you enough homemade soup, you're going to get well. Enough chicken noodle soup and keeps you out of drafts. And he said, yeah, I know, but I'll deal with it. And so we brought him to Tulsa, to my parents' home, and my sister and I were there as much as we could. And he actually died in a hospital. And that was tough. I was with him and I didn't have any experience with death. I didn't know what I know now. Having had both my parents die at home with hospice, I wish I had had that experience with him. But at least I was there. Val Bode in front of the panel her family made following her brother’s death from AIDS. Dennis Neill: Did you have any support like Shanti or any of the other organizations? Val Bode: We really didn't. My parents were pretty closed in about the AIDS issue, as was not unusual, especially for that generation at that time. And so we pretty much did it on our own with some help from their minister and family friends. And we had people dropping in, bringing food, as they do, and being supportive. It was a very, very difficult time for all of us. We knew so little about AIDS that I had very young grandchildren at the time, whom my brother just adored. And I was frightened for them to be with him in a closed situation. Because we didn't know. We didn't know. But I do remember, it was 8 �Christmas time, and my granddaughter, Christina, who was, I think, three at the time, helped decorate the tree. And Kenny wanted to use some of his ornaments that he had. And one of the things he had were strands of pearls, and feet and feet and feet of them. And so they got all those out, and she helped. And we got those all on the tree. And she came to me and she said, “Nan, look, Uncle Kenny got necklaces on his tree”. And so we had good times with him, too. My dad always took photographs with a 35mm camera and had countless number of slides. Yeah, your folks do, right? And so a couple of times we got out the screen and the projector and showed different family vacations and celebrations and so on. There was a picture one year of me and Kenny, and it must have been Easter because we were both dressed to the nines. And he said, “well, that must have been a good year. Those look like store-bought clothes”. So his sense of humor was still there till the very end. We treasure the time that we were able to spend with him. Dennis Neill: Val, you're sharing is so important because it really brings the personal aspect of your family, the impact on your family, and then your motivation to be with the NAMES Project. And so, Doug, is there somebody that you were really close to that really impacted you that's a part of the NAMES Project? Doug Hartson: There were several friends, but John Thomeyer, he was on the TOHR board with me for several years. And unfortunately, he passed away on Christmas, alone. Dennis Neill: You know what year? Doug Hartson: Ninety, I'll have to go back and look at his panel because John Gartland and I… Dennis Neill: You said he was alone, he died at home alone? Doug Harston: From my understanding, his mom, he was supposed to go over to his mom's for the day, for the holiday. And when he didn't show, she went over and found him. And so that was my first panel. And just the camaraderie stemming from TOHR and being on the board and being amongst friends and being able to be yourself and then having to deal with this, which was a totally different aspect than what any of us expected. And we didn't know a lot about it. Val Bode: No, we didn't. Doug Hartson: Which made it even more challenging. There were several, I don't want to go over the long list, but I just felt the need to get involved because it was a way of keeping them remembered. And again, it was therapy for me to do it. Dennis Neill: And as I recall, Doug, on John's panel, it was John on a stage in the spotlight. As I recall, do you know? Doug Hartson: The Empty Stage, yeah. We entitled it The Empty Stage because he was very involved in theater here in Tulsa. And we did the TOHR Follies every year. I was in it a couple of times. But anyway, John was always in it. And so we just felt 9 �that that was very apropos since he was so active in the community in that regard. In fact, his name was Heidi Ho. Here comes Heidi Ho. Toby Jenkins: For our viewers, I want to make sure they understand. Val, how old was your brother Kenny when he died? Val Bode: He was 37. Toby Jenkins: So a young man. Val Bode: A young man. Toby Jenkins: Doug, do you remember the ages of these folks? Doug Hartson: They were all in their mid-30s. Toby Jenkins: Thank you. Val Bode: Very, very early and way too young to be lost. I will share with you the impact that making Kenny's Panel had on my family. My parents were very reluctant to talk about AIDS, to even admit that their son had died of AIDS. And I understood that. That was typical of that generation in those times. And when we were making the Panel, as I mentioned, prior to Kenny's death, there was involvement from my parents' minister at the church they attended in Sapulpa. And he knew that we were involved, that we were making this Quilt Panel, and was quite interested to learn more about it. And he approached my sister and asked her if we would share the Quilt Panel with the congregation when it was complete. And my parents said no, they did not want to do that. And so my sister Jayne and I understood, and we said, okay, that's all right. But as time got close to the completion of the Panel, they seemed to change their minds. My mother came to me and she said, “if you took the Panel to church and you spoke, would you tell people that babies die of this disease too?” And I said, yes, of course I will. And so they agreed for us to do this. And so we had the Quilt Panel after it was completed on a table at the back of the congregation and at the back of the sanctuary. And my sister and I both spoke. We told about Kenny's illness. We told about the family's involvement. We spoke about the NAMES Project and about the making of the Panel. The plan was, at the benediction, for the family to go to the back and be at the table where the Quilt was, which we did. And as soon as the amens were said, people came to my parents and surrounded them with love and acceptance and acknowledgement and comfort. And I, today, feel like that changed them forever. It told them that this was not a death to be fearful of, that it was acknowledged how much we loved Kenny and how much we wanted to remember him and speak his name. And I think that that activity, that whole arrangement, brought them, all of us, more healing than we could have gotten any other way, any other way. And from that day on, they were involved with our displays that we had after we formed a chapter, our local displays, and they always volunteered, dressed in all whites, and did whatever 10 �we needed them to do. So that became an incredible healing tool for us, and we saw it again with so many people as we worked with the Quilt. Dennis Neill: So Val, when you talk about in all white, is this an example of what you all wore? Val Bode: Well, this was not official. Doug Hartson: Pretty close, though. Val Bode: Well, we all wore mini buttons that we collected over the years at different NAMES Project displays. I found this vest, gosh, this was before Amazon, I found it somewhere in a store and had it imprinted with Tulsa area chapter and just put my buttons on it and wore it over. Everybody wore white. The volunteers at the Quilt were requested to wear all white, and that included NAMES Project t-shirts, or just plain white. And that was so that we could be readily, oh, thank you, Doug, thank you, Doug, that was so that we could be readily identifiable to visitors. Dennis Neill: So was that part of the national program? Val Bode: That was. That was the national NAMES Project organization in organizing local displays and regional exhibitions. That was one of the requests that they made, was to see that all volunteers knew they should wear all white, if at all possible. And so it was a good way for us to stand out, to be ready to answer questions. Toby Jenkins: So I noticed on the vest that you had the buttons. So you would have bought those in advance, and I suppose there was a fee for you to purchase the button, and then did that fund that chapter's project? Val Bode: Absolutely, yes, funded either the chapter's project or the national organization. And so all the merchandise sales, which there was a lot of merchandise available, you know, t-shirts, sweatshirts, buttons, bracelets, all kinds of things. And so all of that income from that merchandise went to either local organizations or the national NAMES Project. Dennis Neill: That's very helpful. So let's spend a little more time talking about the local community and the support for the NAMES Project, and then we'd like to visit a little bit about your national involvement and your ideas about the national involvement. So when I think about the NAMES Project in Tulsa, I think of the two of you plus Jack Francis. I imagine there were others that were involved, but can you... Doug Hartson: It's just Jack. Dennis Neill: Can you describe a little bit about Jack's role, why he got involved, was he the main cheerleader for a while? Doug Hartson: He definitely was, but Val's going to be better at talking about Jack than I am. Val Bode: Jack and I spoke together after the Oklahoma City display and were determined that we would start a chapter in Tulsa. And that was an arduous process. We had a lot of work ahead of us, but we had great support. 11 �We were very involved with other organizations here in town- TOHR, Shanti- Help Me Doug, RAIN- many other organizations- and not only support for forming our chapter and putting on these displays, but also becoming involved as volunteers at displays. I mean, every single AIDS HIV organization in town fed volunteers to us because it took a lot of people to put on a major display, as we did four times, and so we had hundreds of volunteers literally. I mean, you had to unload the Quilt from the truck at the beginning and then you had to unpack everything, organize it the way it had to be organized in order for the list of names to match with the panels, and it was a big undertaking. It also cost a lot of money, and we were able to raise enough money through our Feast With Friends, which was our major fundraiser Feast With Friends, October 2000. Oh, my goodness, 26 years ago, Feast With Friends was a great time. Dennis Neill: Was that a local concept or was that a national concept? Val Bode: That was a local concept that we- oh, it was a, I think it was a group effort. We just got together as a board, including Jack and Doug and a number of other people, and we just came up with names. Doug Hartson: It was always and it still is, and it's from any organization that they do benefit dinner and auction. You do the dinner and then you have items live and silent auction, and we wanted to do something a little different, I think. We did the dinner part, but it wasn't in some hotel ballroom. That was the dessert finale and the awards, the presentations, but we encouraged friends to do dinner parties and pick a theme, and that turned out to be a lot of fun because there were some really cute, if you will, themes that came up. One of the ones that I hosted was called “Meals on Heels” and it was a hit. Val Bode: It was a hit, great fun. Doug Hartson: We raised the most money, I must say. I'm proud of that. So yeah, but no, it was a hoot. We did a… I had a roast pig. We did a big pig with the apple in its mouth in my backyard and everybody was to wear heels and coming through the gate we had a big, giant red pump and it turned out to be quite the talk of the town and I remember Rob Hill, who was blind, came with the ends of a loaf of bread taped to... heels. So yeah, so he won the most original at our party. But anyway, no, it was that. And then, oh gosh, I'm trying to think of some of the other names of the parties. Val Bode: Well, that same year- was it Betty and Peggy, or no, it was Kay and Maryhad a party “Women in Comfortable Shoes”. But the way it worked was individuals would host parties in their home in exchange for a donation to the Names Project and so, and it could be anything from hot dogs and beer to a five-course sit-down dinner, and then we all gathered at a location that we had obtained to eat dessert, and the desserts were all donated. We had teams of people who spent the day acquiring, picking up donations, and that was great fun too, because there were a couple of incidents where, you know, cobbler got spilled in the back of someone's truck or whatever. But it was a lot of fun and it was very successful. And the Names Project nationally recognized that when they awarded us Chapter of the Year in 95, that they, I believe, expressed that we 12 �created a very original and successful fundraiser which was part of the reason we won that award. Dennis Neill: You know, that brings up such an interesting thought in that the Names Project, being a national organization, brought down to the local community. It impacts so many aspects, right the grieving process, the messaging process but you also have to have a camaraderie to raise the funds that you're talking about and it can be a fun event even though we're recognizing something that's extremely serious. So talk about the emotion between grieving, messaging, having a community that supports it. It all kind of has to work together, doesn't it? Val Bode: It does. Doug Hartson: Yeah. Val Bode: And it absolutely did. Doug Hartson: It did. And again, knowledge is power and I think a lot of people became interested and were wanting to know more about the Quilt because whether they knew someone who had died from AIDS or not, it's a way for them to realize that we are all in this together and everyone is affected one way or another. And when we did the Feast with Friends dinner parties and then we had the dessert and then we actually showed the Quilt four times here, more and more people came out and again I think they appreciated the fact that it was a healing process for everyone, not just those of us who had made a Quilt, but for those in the community who wanted to know more about it and then have a deeper understanding of what it really was meant for. Dennis Neill: Did you ever know anybody that actually helped create their own Quilt? Val Bode: You know, I had heard of some people who had done that through connections with people from the national organization. I did not know anyone personally who did that. Doug Hartson: I didn't either, personally, but no. And I think it would probably be very therapeutic for them, knowing, because then they get to put their own, obviously, very personal spin on it, on the things that they wanted to be remembered by. Like Kenny with his Legos. Val Bode: Yeah, you know, that was important that we include those. Doug Hartson: So, but the national, the final display of the entire Quilt in 96, we were the central region and that was a tremendous undertaking and a lot of work, but so worth it, because that was the first year that the president acknowledged the Quilt. They actually came down and toured the Quilt. Toby Jenkins: And what year was that and who was the president, the sitting president? Doug Hartson: That was October of 96, yeah, October 11th through the 13th of 96, and, oh, sorry, the one thing I, one of the things I saved from the... 13 �Val Bode: This was one of my favorite slogans that came out of national, “Not all battles are fought with a sword”. Toby Jenkins: And so was this, Val, was this the very first time it was on display on the National Mall? Val Bode: No, this was the last time it was on display on the National Mall. The first time was 89, and I was, I was there for that display. I was there for the subsequent displays. Toby Jenkins: And in 89, who would have been president at the White House? Val Bode: Reagan, I think. Doug Hartson: Yeah. Val Bode: Was it Reagan? Doug Hartson: And he did not... Val Bode: Did not, did not... Dennis Neill: Bush. Yeah, it was Bush. Was it Bush? Yeah. Val Bode: Okay. Dennis Neill: But I noticed in the 1996, the final showing, that the honorary co-chairs were the president and Mrs. Clinton. Val Bode: Yes. Dennis Neill: I noticed Barney Frank was on there as well, and several other wellknown individuals. And I'm thinking, Doug, was that the year that you were the captain of Column 71? Doug Hartson: Yes. Val Bode: Yes. Dennis Neill: Tell us a little bit about that. Doug Hartson: Well, that was, first, very rewarding. But we were in charge, and again, it takes a village, and it takes a good team, from organizing the teams that were going to unfold the panels, who were going to read names. And in case of inclement weather, I missed the Senate dinner that night because it was going to rain, and we didn't have enough volunteers that were still around that, to get the Quilt back under cover. So, but it was… Challenging, to say the least, but it was something I'll never forget. Val Bode: It was a tremendous success. That was the year that the previous display had a lot of problems that came about, and the NAMES Project organization, national organization, as a result of those problems, recognized that their expertise did not lay with displays, that it was the chapters who were so good at displays 14 �because we did these major displays in our communities- not just us but probably a hundred other chapters- and so they decided that that knowledge should be put to use, that experience, and so the Quilt was divided into segments, virtual segments, where each chapter would have the responsibility for that segment, and as a result, I think it was a tremendously successful display. I really do. Doug Hartson: Not just because it was the last one, unfortunately, but it really went very well. Val Bode: It really did, from the steps of the Capitol Building to the pool of the Washington Monument, and when you see that area in its entirety and with the Quilt laid out, it's an incredibly impressive site. Toby Jenkins: Val and Doug, I want to ask you about a question that may just be urban legend, but it's kind of what I've heard for decades and I'm not real sure if it was Reagan or Bush, but I think when the first display Air Force One, not Air Force One- the helicopter had left the White House and it flew over and it hovered over it to take all of it in for the first time, and that that whoever was in the White House at that time, that began to be a door where there began to be a more national discussion about funding. Is that an urban legend? Val Bode: I saw the helicopter go over and I never saw it hover, did you? Doug Hartson: No. Val Bode: No, the helicopter flew over… Doug Hartson: And left the White House because they didn't want to. Val Bode: They didn't, yeah, they left the White House. Doug Hartson: In my opinion. Val Bode: - Well, in pretty much our opinion, they did not want to visit the Quilt, and I remember clearly we yelled shame, shame. Toby Jenkins: I think that was Reagan, Val Bode: I think it was Reagan. I remember it was Reagan. Toby Jenkins: You said the first display was in 80…. Val Bode: 89. Toby Jenkins: Yes, and I did check and it was Reagan. Val Bode: Yeah, I remember that clearly and I did see the helicopter, but I did not see it hover. Dennis Neill: So, with regard to the panels, do you recall, Doug, at that final display on the mall, how many Quilts were displayed for the final? Doug Hartson: How many individual panels? Val Bode: Oh, my goodness, I don't remember. 15 �Dennis Neill: Or do you know how many you were responsible for as the captain. Doug Hartson: Oh, I don't even remember that but a lot. I don't remember that either. Val Bode: It was kind of numbered, I think, by 12 by 12s, wasn't it 12 by 12s? Doug Hartson: Yeah, and it wasn't just the individual panels, because all the panels were made into a 12 by 12 section which is unfolded. So, as far as the individual panels- and I don't even know how many 12 by 12s there were- yeah… Dennis Neill: t was an impressive, incredible number. Val Bode: Absolutely, absolutely. Dennis Neill: And how about the local displays? How many would be the maximum that you think were on display in Tulsa? Doug Hartson: Well, the first one that we had at the Pavilion, we had it on the inner circle of the floor- oh, it's oval shape- and then the outer upper and then all on the floor. Val Bode: We hung panels around the bleachers. and I don't remember a number. It was a lot, it was a lot. And one of the things that I failed to mention about our local displays is we were, it was important to us to include school kids, and so the first day of the Quilt being open to the public was actually open to public schools, and we arranged with the schools in advance so they would have transportation and they brought high school kids- I think it was primarily high school kids- in by the bus load to see the Quilt and that was a really great success. One of my favorite stories came from Sharon Thoele and she spoke of a young man entering the display, and we were at the Pavilion that year- I don't know what year it was, but she spoke of him entering the Pavilion wearing his cowboy hat and his cowboy boots and strutting into the vicinity of the Quilt and she thought, oh, this is gonna be interesting. And she kind of kept an eye on him and as he walked around, she watched him and eventually she saw him on one knee with his hat in his hand and tears coming from his eyes as he viewed a panel. And that to me says it all about what the Quilt was about. It brought so much healing to people. I helped a number of people make panels for their loved ones. We had sewing bees. We had individual meetings to help people get started. Doug Hartson: Because they wanted to make one, they just didn't know the first thing to do. Val Bode: Didn't know what to do, how to get started. You know, the panel, individual panels are three feet by six feet and that's a sizable piece of fabric to work with. And so you have to kind of use your imagination to decide what, how you're going to fill that space. And I think what we did or what I did with people I met with was I arranged to meet with them in person and show them pictures and explain what these panels meant, even in regard to my own for Kenny, so that they would get an idea of how to express their love or their remembrance of the individual. And we had a lot of new panels come in at every display. They ultimately went to the National to be sewn into sections and are still there today. 16 �Toby Jenkins: So the question for our viewers earlier was how many Quilts were a part of the display in 1996 on the National Mall in Washington, DC? And I've looked this up, 42,000 individual Quilts. Val Bode: Thank you, Toby. Yes, 42,000. And so, and you think of that as such a tremendous number that's represented there, yet it was only a fraction of those who died, a small fraction. Dennis Neill: So you mentioned how emotional the experience could be for many people, and I'm sure there's many stories you could share about that. How about, and everything I've seen, the media coverage was very good in the Tulsa community. How about any pushback? Did you come up with any resistance or people that saying that we need to quit recognizing this AIDS situation? Doug Hartson: Personally, I didn't. It was quite the opposite. I had people from other organizations I was involved in at the time, not just TOHR, but my church, and they, like I said, knowledge is power. They really, I spoke in Sunday school classes about it, I took panels, and they were very open to learning more about the Quilt. So I personally never had any bad situations come up from it, fortunately. Dennis Neill: And I noticed at the National, lots of corporate sponsors, and we had a lot of corporate sponsors locally, as I recall. Doug Hartson: Yes. Val Bode: Yes we did. I'm having trouble remembering, but we did. And even unrecognized sponsors, for instance, at the time I worked for Oneok, and at the time I was involved with the displays, my management was very supportive of anything that I needed to do during the day involving the Quilt. And in addition to that, we had a wonderful graphic arts department that did just everything, and they would make my, you know, 500 copies of something and punch holes in it, or whatever I needed, publish our newsletter for us. They just did a tremendous amount that we would otherwise have had to pay for, and that was incredibly helpful. I don't remember any pushback from the public. We had tremendous support. It seemed everywhere we turned, you know, not everybody was able to help financially, but everyone seemed supportive. Dennis Neill: And you recall in 1996 there was also evidently a musical that was put on that was a benefit for the Names Project. Do you all recall that, and who helped pull that event together? Val Bode: Oh, who did that? Friends of Broken Arrow Community Playhouse, okay. Yeah, and I don't, I just don't remember a lot about that. Doug Hartson: I don't either, unfortunately. Dennis Neill: And other than Feast for Friends, do you recall any other kind of grassroots fundraisers that helped you all? Val Bode: Oh, hmm. Doug Hartson: That was, again, our main fundraiser of the year I don't recall any other... 17 �Toby Jenkins: So, I have two questions. Val Bode: Sure. Toby Jenkins: So, you would have been a part of the organizing group, maybe you know the answer to this. I know you've talked about it was on display at the Maxwell Convention Center, which today is Arvest, the Arvest Convention Civic Center, and it was on display at the fairgrounds at the Pavilion. Did your chapter have to pay a rental fee? No public dollars were used for that, so you didn't... Val Bode: We did pay a rental fee. That all came out of our fundraising efforts, yes. Toby Jenkins: Second question, do you have a guess? Like, were there 5,000 people that came through and viewed it? Weren't there 10,000? Do you remember? Val Bode: Yeah, we used to have numbers. Doug Hartson: We used to have the clicker at the door and keep track of how many did come. Val Bode: I cannot remember numbers. Doug Hartson: It was thousands, though. Val Bode: Yes, it was... Toby Jenkins So, this part of it, I remember it would have been in the early... What was the last time it was at the convention center? Val Bode: It would have been... Doug Hartson: Ninety... Val Bode: Ninety-six... Toby Jenkins: No, this would have been later. Dennis Neill: So, there was one in 1996. Val Bode: 1997,... yeah. I think it was 97, yeah. Toby Jenkins: So, I can remember when it was at the Maxwell Convention Center. I was recently out, and I had my children on the weekends, and I asked their mother if it would be all right if I took them to that, and they were both pre-adolescent, or I think my son was already 12 or 13. And I can remember this. We had to stand in line to get in the building for about 40 minutes. I mean, there was a long line. You parked, and then you had to stand in line to get in the building. So, I remember that part, and I can remember there being large crowds of us walking in between, so I remember that part of it. Dennis Neill: I think one quote Jack had was he expected 10,000. Val Bode: And I think we surpassed that at one point, yeah. The attendance was phenomenal. 18 �Dennis Neill: And Toby mentioned about paying rent and probably paying for security and so forth. Did you actually have to pay national, too, as part of... Val Bode: Yes. Dennis Neill: And kind of, how did that work out? Did you pay for just the transportation, or were there other fees associated? Val Bode: Actually, yes and no. Doug Hartson: For the Quilts to come from San Francisco… Val Bode: There was a fee, just a display fee. And we actually had transportation donated by a trucking company. I cannot remember their name, I'm sorry. We also had all of our stanchions that we used for display and divisions and so on and so forth. All of that was donated by a local company with whom Jack had a connection, and he arranged that every display. They were wonderful. We had most of our printing was donated, mostly by Oneok. And we listed them as a donor. I'm trying to remember, there were so many things. But it was costly to have a major display, because the fee to the national organization was significant. It was a significant fee, and so that was the starting point. And then you had all these other things. You had to rent the facility, you had to have security, you had to display materials, the printing, just so much that you wouldn't think of just off the top of your head. Dennis Neill: It seemed like you had volunteer counselors too. Val Bode: We did, we did, and many of those came from other organizations in town, but we reached out to RAIN and TOHR and all of the AIDS and HIV organizations for help from their counseling professionals so that when there was someone who was really in trouble, really having a tough time, we could get, hone in, the volunteer involved could hone in on a counselor and get them together and if necessary take them to a back room or whatever was required in order to help them get through it because some people became very emotional. It was really tough. Doug Hartson: We went through a lot of boxes of these [tissues]. Val Bode: We bought a lot of tissues. Doug Hartson: One of... each 12x12 because just like Sharon's story of the student with the cowboy hat, upon entering it was just like, oh yeah, there's another field trip and then by the time they were ready to leave it had touched his heart and did a lot of people. Whether you knew a person on that panel or not, it's just the emotion of realizing what that represents. Val Bode: And we saw that over and over and over again. Doug Hartson: Which made it, not sounding tacky, but it made it rewarding and knowing that we were reaching the community and that's why we were doing it. Val Bode: Well, and in retrospect, it was incredibly important work that we did. We, I don't think, fully realized at the time what we were doing as far as its impact, but we recognized it in little pieces like with the kid with the cowboy hat. The mother, there 19 �was a mother down near Muskogee who called me and wanted to make a panel for her son, but her husband, who was a stepdad, was objecting. He did not want her to be involved. And we talked, I don't know how many times, on the phone. And I did everything I knew to do to try and help her along with this process. And as our next display became closer and I had talked to her about bringing her panel to that display, she's always said, “I just don't think I'll be able to do it. My husband doesn't want me to do it. I don't know that I can do it”. And I remember at that display, someone who was working at the table where you checked in new panels came and found me and said, there's a lady here who wants to see you. And I would not have recognized, I'd never met her in person, but it was her. And that touched my heart because somehow, she was able to do that and to bring us her son's panel and she shared it with me and told me all about it and how she was so glad that she was finally able to do that and to bring it to us there at the Quilt display. And it had a tremendous impact on me that I was a little part of that and that somehow, she did what she wanted to do. Dennis Neill: So you mentioned this was a new panel. Was each display a mix of panels from National and then the local panels? And would you talk through a little bit about how that was accomplished, how you let new panels in, and then what was the process of returning those new panels to the NAMES Project? Val Bode: Okay. Doug Hartson: It was a combination of previous or older panels and then the new ones, like Val was saying, the mother from Muskogee, unfortunately there were always new panels. So there was a table at the display where you could bring your panel and check it in and then of course, we would include it in the current display. And then, I don't remember how long after the fact that we had to send it back to San Francisco, but again, we kept several here and several had been on display here at the Equality Center. Val Bode: We documented every new panel that came in with, you know, details of its content, details of the panel maker or panel makers, all of the information that the National Project would want to archive along with this panel. I believe we sent most of the new panels back with the remainder of the Quilt and along with the documentation. We may have kept a few for local displays. The national organization made every effort to send us 12 by 12 sections that included names that originated in Tulsa, whether it was a Tulsa person who lived here or a family or panel maker who lived here. And so they did a really good job of that. We also requested specifically individual 12 by 12s. Every 12 by 12 has a number and so we were able to look for names in the list that we wanted to have included and request that 12 by 12. And they were very accommodating about making that happen. It didn't happen always because there were other displays going on simultaneously all over the country, but they did a really good job of getting us the panels that we wanted to see. Dennis Neill: I believe the Names Project website, which is still a searchable website, does it have all that detail that you were to collect on each panel or is it just a summary like name and date of birth? 20 �Val Bode: Yeah, it's basically a summary. They have archival photos of every individual panel that are absolutely wonderful. My brother-in-law ordered for me and my sister a framed photo of Kenny's panel and then it has an inset at the bottom that says the Names Project AIDS Memorial Quilt. And they really have done a good job of archiving and protecting the Quilts. Dennis Neill: So Val, when you bring that up, I believe this must be an example of one from the National with Philip Bray? Val Bode: Absolutely, absolutely. Philip Bray, yes. Dennis Neill: Philip was very active with us with TOHR for a number of years. Val Bode: So you can see by this photo, it's a high-quality photo of the panel. You get that, Dennis? Dennis Neill: Thank you very much. Val Bode: Yeah, those are wonderful. Dennis Neill: So we're very blessed, Val and Doug, to have a nice collection of material that you all helped create. And one, I'd like for you to talk a little bit more, Val, about how Jack got involved, what was his emotional connection, and then talk to us a little bit about the material you have and then, Doug, you can talk a little bit about the material that you have. So Val, why don't you start? Val Bode: Well, Jack had a very close friend who died from AIDS, and I believe he had moved to Dallas. I think so. And that was the first panel that Jack made. I think Jack made several over the years, because he lost other friends as well. Jack was a man who was dedicated to things that he believed in. He was an officer in the Navy. He was a successful employee of Social Security after his retirement from the Navy, and he was a force with which to be reckoned. And so Jack, I think, was one of the first people in Tulsa to recognize that this entity, the Quilt, had tremendous power, that it had the power to heal, the power to teach, the power to change minds. And he was dedicated to the Quilt. His dedication had no bounds. He was there every minute of every day of every display. He never missed a moment of it. And his ability to impact the rest of us was very strong, wasn't it, Doug? He was a strong personality who could be a gentle giant and a delightful man. And I was honored one time he referred to me as the daughter he never had. And that touched me very deeply because he was a sweetheart to me. I remember, he could be difficult to deal with at moments, he had his times. Doug Hartson: This is true. Yeah. Val Bode: But when he decided to retire from the active board of the NAMES Project Tulsa, Sharon Thoele and I took over, and Jack had trouble letting go, and I remember Sharon saying, well, we've just got to talk to him. And we agreed, and she said, well, you're going to have to do it because he likes you better. Dennis Neill: Do you remember what year that was? 21 �Val Bode: It was late in the 90s, yeah. Dennis Neill: So was he involved with you for all four? Val Bode: Yes. Every single one. Toby Jenkins: So Val has talked about Jack Francis, who his picture, and he is on our military veterans wall of honor, and you talked about his being a very direct and forceful person. That was because he was a lieutenant commander of an Air Force carrier in World War II. So he served our country, and so he was used to people doing what he said. Doug Hartson: And we did. Val Bode: I have to share a story with you. Jack died peacefully in his sleep, and his dear friend Don Barnum and I found him in his home, in his apartment, because we became concerned, we couldn't reach him. And so we were there into the wee hours of the night waiting for the medical examiner or someone. And I remember one of the police officers who first responded to our 911 call and seemed to be in charge, noticed a framed picture of Jack with some medals and his title. And he came to me and he said, I see your friend was a lieutenant commander in the Navy. And I said, yes, he was. And he said, that's a pretty high rank. And I said, yes, I know that. And if he could sit up right now, he would tell you to get this show on the road. Toby Jenkins: So let me interject this. In 2011, when the ban was lifted on allowing gays to serve openly in the military, and we had military recruiters come from the Pentagon, Jack was in the lobby when they arrived. And when the U.S. Navy military recruiter walked through, Jack stood out of his chair. By then he was pretty feeble and he stood out of his chair and he saluted him. And then he sat down and just wept and wept. That military recruiter kind of hugged him and it was a very emotional thing that he had lived long enough to see gay people be able to serve openly in the military. This is so our viewers will know who Jack Francis was. Val Bode: Thank you. Yes. He was very proud of his military service. And that meant a great deal to him that he did live to see that happen. Toby Jenkins: Well, that explained why he was forced to be... Doug Hartson: Yes, Jack, whatever you say, Jack. Val Bode: Yes. Dennis Neill: So Val, talk a little bit more about your collection of information. Val Bode: Well, just over the years, I saved everything I could think of that came along. So many photographs from not only the national displays, but our regional displays. And those were really important that I was able to share them. It was great that I had someone to share them with. My concern was, what is going to happen to these when I'm gone from this earth? My grandchildren, they probably don't want them. And although some of my grandchildren are in those books as little children and they're grown adults now, but to having the Equality Center be willing to take these things from me and... 22 �Dennis Neill: We are honored. Val Bode: Thank you. Thank you. I am so happy to know that they will be cared for and that they'll be available to other people because everything that's in here was important to me. Doug Hartson: It's history. Val Bode: It's part of my history and I feel it's some of the most important work I've ever done. Dennis Neill: Amanda, you promise to take good care of her materials? Amanda Thompson: Absolutely! Val Bode: Thank you, Amanda. Amanda Thompson: It's a big honor. Dennis Neill: And Doug, do you want to talk a little bit about what you have? Doug Hartson: Basically the same stuff. Anyone who knows me knows that I keep a lot of paperwork and save everything, like Jack did. So, no, I feel just like Val does that...My nephews don't want it and I, going through things at home, I was just like this is such a big part of my life and I want others to have the privilege to seeing this. It is part of our history and those who weren't even born yet to have the opportunity to look and and hopefully also be touched and know that it's unfortunately not over, that it's an important part of all of our lives, and so I'm. As I come across more goodies, I will definitely bring them down to you, but I'm very grateful that OkEq is going to take care of it. Dennis Neill: Thank you very much. Toby, why don't you talk a little bit more with them about the involvement of the center and how the Quilts came here and then your story about when we send them back and anything else you want to cover. Toby Jenkins: So, Dennis is wanting us to highlight how, as y'all were on the front end of how the Quilts came into being, this was the way for families and friends to be able to express their love and remember their loved ones, and it also then became an advocacy tool that you were able to display it to the public, and it changed the heart of a nation. It changed our country. It appealed to something that everybody in our country had a connection: the loss of a loved one and family- and these are not outsiders. This is my family member, and I love them. So the Quilts were, when we opened the Equality Center, when we purchased this permanent space, we became one of the few LGBT organizations in the country that owned its own building. Now I know that that's not profound, but it was at the time. We had our own building and it belonged to us. It wasn't a leased space, and so that's how we were able to approach- at that time I think the Names Project was in AtlantaDoug Hartson: Yes. Val Bode: Yes Toby Jenkins: So we were able to approach them. And they allowed us… we have the documents they allowed us to have on permanent display, the panels we 23 �specifically had on the permanent display, the panels of individuals from Oklahoma, not just necessarily Tulsa, but from Oklahoma. Yeah, so, more than once, more than once, I would say dozens and dozens of times- we would have family members and friends, coworkers, people who went to church, college. They would come to the center and see the panel, see a Quilt panel, and had no idea it would be here and would see it for the first time, and it would be a very emotional, moving time. So when individuals would tour the Equality Center, we had university groups, corporations, faith communities who would tour- we always made sure we brought special attention and explained the AIDS panels and the stories. Always in those tours there would be individuals who would recognize the names of those Tulsans or those Oklahomans. And then when they moved, when they built the new AIDS Museum in San Francisco, the national organization wanted to bring all the Quilts in, and so they asked that our Quilts return. And well, there was, you know, kind of some confusion over that and we decided at the moment I mean, I was willing to fight- these are our Quilts, these are Oklahoma Quilts. You told us we can have them on display. And when we finally our board, decided, you know, we need, we need to let them be a part of the national thing. And so we, Jeremy Stevens and his partner, Alan Mueggenborg, I think as I pronounce it. They approached us. Jeremy Stevens was serving on the board at the time and he said we could make replicas of those. And so what we did is we pulled in our photographers and our staff and it was a very detailed process and we had, if you remember Council Oak, we had the Quilt is going to be leaving, you come see it, and we had thousands of people come to see it for the last weekend and then we took those pictures and we created silk screen panels that are there's such high quality definition photography that when you look at them you think you're looking at a three-dimensional image, because the Quilts you could- I mean it had people's personal effects, their letter jackets, their baptismal gowns, their legos, so we made sure we did it. Now, the reason that became significant, CenterLink- the International Network of LGBT centers- when they heard that we had done that, they asked for us to do a little tutorial on how we did that and then other centers then would request the panels from their area and they would bring them in and have them digitally reproduced. And so it became a way that centers across the country could have facsimiles is what they are. The other part that I want to talk about is the way it was able to change people's lives. It made it personal instead of this being a report you heard on the news about right wing fundamentalist people who wanted to use this as this is God's judgment on the country and they brought them up, you know, when we were in this, Americans have lots of opinions and so there were people who ostracized them, there were people who felt like they got what they deserved, but the AIDS Quilts shut that down. It brought that to silence and it made them be ashamed of them being so cruel and the majority of the American people began to say these are our people, these are our families, these are our siblings and our children and our spouses and our coworkers and this is them and it really changed the hearts of the country. The other significant part, I wish I had the medical technology for this, but the AIDS epidemic 24 �was so frightening because we didn't know and then there wasn't a treatment. You were diagnosed, you got sick and you could be gone quickly. Doug, do you happen to remember the first friend you had die of AIDS? Do you remember? Val, do you remember any details like that? Val Bode. Kenny was the first person I actually knew who had AIDS. If there was anybody earlier, I was not aware of it. Doug Hartson: John Thomeyer was probably mine and then there's the list, but I'm happy to say that I have quite a few friends who are living with HIV and AIDS, fortunately with the cocktails and other medications that have come along, which I think is all part of it. That circle is that okay, this is the problem, this is part of acknowledging and remembering the problem and then you come up with hopefully a solution and again, knowledge is power. Toby Jenkins: So this is the point I want to make about that. The researchers, the medical professionals who were trying to find a treatment for those who had been infected and those who were living with AIDS, that took over a decade for them to finally find…that discovery, that medical discovery, that treatment plan, 30 years later is what saved this world from the pandemic destroying the world. The deaths were horrific, but they were small compared to what they could have been because the medical discoveries and treatment plans, those same treatment plans that saved individuals' lives, then began the treatment plan for us to have our vaccines and for us to be able to save people's lives. So for me, I remember when the news began to report this and Fauci was our, I forget what his role was… Dennis Neill: Pretty much head of CDC. Toby Jenkins: So I can remember at the time when the news broke that they found something and it was the people who had worked on the AIDS vaccines. I remember thinking to myself, they did not die in vain. We didn't lose them in vain. Their lives will live on, their legacies will live on. They saved the world from a greater pandemic. Doug Hartson: Decades later, I mean, who would have ever thought? Val Bode: Yes. Dennis Neill: So what else would you all like to share about the NAMES Project, your personal involvement, the impact, and how you see a living legacy of the NAMES Project going forward? Val Bode: I think it's something that we can continue to share, that even though we don't have active panels, active chapter in Tulsa, we can continue to share with friends, acquaintances, family, our stories as we're doing here today. And as we have spoken and gone on, I think of my, I have five grandchildren, mostly grown, all of them, and five great-grandchildren at varying stages of their lives. And for my great-grandchildren, you know, I raised three of my grandchildren, and they were with me all the time at NAMES Project meetings and displays and everything, and so they remember all this very clearly, and they still talk about it. But my great- 25 �grandchildren have no exposure to this, and I plan to give them some. It is my desire in being here and hearing our own stories to share some of this with those little ones. They need to know that this happened, that their uncle was one of the names on this Quilt, and that we remember his name. Dennis Neill: Hopefully, once we have the video ready for you, they'll be willing to sit down and see it. Val Bode: Absolutely. Dennis Neill: And Doug, how about for you? Doug Hartson: Basically, never forget. We don't have any displays currently. I think it's wonderful that everything is housed in San Francisco, so it's not lost. There's not a panel that someone made that's going to be forgotten. But it doesn't need to be forgotten here. We need to keep it current. We need to keep the people who were not even born yet aware of what major part of our history this is or was and still is. And so just never forget, and may it live on. Dennis Neill: I think it's particularly important that we do keep the focus, because we know the current administration is downplaying World AIDS Day and the other important steps that had been taken previously. But we're still going to be there, and we're still going to be telling these stories, aren't we? Val Bode: Yes, we are. Dennis Neill: Toby, anything else you think we should cover in this interview. Toby Jenkins: Well, I just want you to know what an honor. Thank you so much. That must have taken hours and money out of your own pockets, and you had to miss lots of other stuff, and you probably, you were so busy. And I know that probably at the time, you may have had people who criticized or complained, why didn't you do it this way? But thank you so much that you did it, and that both of you have faithfully kept materials that can become a part of the official archives. Val Bode: Well, and I think a great deal of the honor is ours as well. I'm certainly honored that you would invite us here to do this, and that you are willing to take our souvenirs and take care of them. Doug Hartson: Our cherished possessions. Toby Jenkins: And I would say this. I don't know that Val, I've ever knew this part about Kenny, that his panel had Legos on it. And I'm telling you, this could be taken out to schools. Because right now, Legos is everybody. Val Bode: It's big, yes. Toby Jenkins: And people would really connect with it. Val Bode: I think you're right, yeah. And in fact, my grandchildren, who were little at the time when we did this, they were always intrigued with Uncle Kenny's panel because it had Legos on it. You know, that was a big draw for them. Dennis Neill: So can you retrieve the panels for a showing any more? 26 �Toby Jenkins: Yeah, you can. Doug and Val: You can. Dennis Neill: We need to think about that for the next World AIDS Day. Dennis Neill: Any final comments that you all would like to share? Doug Hatson: Just thank you for having us. Val Bode: Oh, thank you for this opportunity. It's been delightful. Dennis Neill: Like Toby said, it is our honor. Val Bode: Well, ours as well. Dennis Neill: We will protect it. Val Bode: Thank you. Doug Hartson: Thank you. Val Bode: All of you. 27 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Series] HIV & AIDS > NAMES Project Description An account of the resource Physical Media: Box 3, Folder 5 - NAMES Project Digital Media: Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2026] Val Bode and Doug Hartson Interview Description An account of the resource Deed of gifts and informed consents available in person at the Dennis R. Neill Equality Center. Subject The topic of the resource Val Bode and Doug Hartson Names Project Interview from February 12, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Val Bode, Doug Hartson, Dennis Neill Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 12, 2026 2026 AIDS AIDS deaths AIDS Quilt AIDS/HIV AIDS/HIV discrimination AIDS/HIV education Dennis Neill Dennis R. Neill Dennis R. Neill Equality Center Doug Hartson Equality Center Feast with Friends HIV HIV/AIDs interview NAMES Project NAMES Project quilt OkEq Equality Center oral history oral history interview oral history transcript transcript Val Bode video https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/fe275c248ba0dbafa7183acaf093ec10.pdf 4d660208dae603563b4e8c3a5a02f83a PDF Text Text Oklahomans for Equality Oral History Interview with Warren Ray Duvall Interview Conducted by Toby Jenkins Date: February 10, 2026 Transcribed and Edited By: Dennis Neill using Reduct.Video AI, February 23, 2026 Restrictions: Interviewee requested: N/A Oklahomans for Equality History Project 621 E. 4th Street Tulsa, OK. 74120 918.743.4297 historyproject@okeq.org 1 �About Warren Duvall Summary This interview with Warren explores his life story, from growing up on a family farm in Oklahoma to his military service and his journey as a gay man. Warren shares personal insights into his experiences with sexuality, military service during Vietnam, and navigating life in Oklahoma and Florida. This interview provides a deep insight into the life experiences of a long-time LGBTQ+ community member, covering personal stories, community involvement, and the evolution of LGBTQ+ rights and health issues over decades. Keywords Oklahoma history, LGBTQ+ journey, military service, Vietnam era, personal stories, Oklahoma farm, gay life, military healthcare, social change, personal growth LGBTQ+ history, community activism, AIDS awareness, gay rodeo, bear clubs, senior LGBTQ+ support, Tulsa Key Topics ● Family farm history in Oklahoma ● Military service during Vietnam era and Japan ● Journey of sexual identity and coming out Personal stories of LGBTQ+ life and community involvement ● The impact of AIDS on the community and healthcare responses ● The development of gay rodeo, bear events and community events ● Support for LGBTQ+ elders and seniors Chapters 00:00 Introduction and Background 02:02 Family Farm History in Oklahoma 03:53 Growing Up in Muldrow and School Life 2 �08:01 Experiences with Segregation and Community 12:01 Post-High School Education and Military Draft 14:53 Military Service in U.S, Navy in the Vietnam Era and Stationing Japan 19:58 Reflections on Military Service and Vietnam Memorial 21:02 Realization of Sexual Orientation 24:57 Exploring Gay Identity in the Military and Florida 29:54 Relationships and Coming Out to Family 40:08 Life in Tulsa and Connecting with the LGBTQ+ Community 48:04 First Experiences in Gay Bars and Social Life 54:59 Personal Relationships and Life Changes 02:29 Meeting the First Partner and Early Community Life 06:55 First Encounters with AIDS and Healthcare Response 14:53 Community Involvement and Fundraising Efforts 24:57 The Role of Gay Rodeo and Cultural Identity 34:55 Support for Elders and the Impact of COVID-19 45:11 Reflections on a Life of Service and Activism 54:59 Advice for Younger Generations and Future Outlook Warren Duvall Oral History Interview Feb 10, 2026 Toby Jenkins: All right, this is Toby Jenkins and Amanda Thompson, the archivist at Oklahomans for Equality, and Dennis Neill, the founder of Oklahomans for Equality. Here we are in the Joe and Nancy McDonald Rainbow Library for our archival interview with a wonderful person. Your name, please? Warren Duvall: Warren Ray Duvall. Toby Jenkins: And you live here in Tulsa, Warren? Warren Duvall: I live here in Tulsa, I've returned. I've been back for six years. I lived here for 33 years. Had to go back to the farm for 13 years. And we sold off half of it, but that included the house. Toby Jenkins: And where is the farm? Warren Duvall: It's south of Muldrow, Oklahoma. The farm's about two miles from the Arkansas River down there. Toby Jenkins: Oh, wonderful. So, in Tulsa, and I'm still- What county is that? Warren Duvall: That's Sequoyah County. Toby Jenkins: But you're still in Oklahoma? Warren Duvall: Yes. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, Sallisaw and Sequoyah? Warren Duvall: Yeah, Sallisaw is the county seat. 3 �Toby Jenkins: All right, so Warren, where were you born? Warren Duvall: Well, I was conceived in Oklahoma. I was the first member of my siblings, and there was four of us. My mother and my three siblings were all born at home in the same bedroom. I was the first one that they took my mother to the hospital, and I was delivered in St. Edward's Mercy Hospital in Fort Smith, Arkansas. Toby Jenkins: I know it well. That's where my son was born. Toby Jenkins: So, are you from down around that area? That's where your farm is? You told me. Is that a payor's farm? Warren Duvall: Yeah, it's 15 miles east of the Arkansas-Oklahoma border. Toby Jenkins: And so that's down by Muldrow, as we talked earlier. How long has the farm been in your family? Warren Duvall: It's my mother's father. He came there in 1900 and started buying land from some of the Indians that, at that point, had been allotted 160 acres or whatever they gave back then. And so he started buying up land. At one point, he had about 500 acres. So he was a big farmer. I wouldn't say he was a rancher, but he ran a dairy also. So he was a pretty big-time farmer over the years. Toby Jenkins: So this farm has now been in your family over 100 years. Warren Duvall: Yes. Toby Jenkins: And your mother was born there, your siblings. But they took you, she went to the hospital for you. Warren Duvall: For me. Toby Jenkins: And what year would that have been? Warren Duvall: That was, my Lord… Toby Jenkins: Your date of birth. Warren Duvall: December 20th, 1947. Toby Jenkins: 1947, right after the war. Warren Duvall: Right, I’m a post-war baby. Toby Jenkins: So you were born there in Muldrow. Did you grow up there? How long did you? Warren Duvall: I grew up on the farm just south of Muldrow. The only part of being in Arkansas was, that's where the hospital was. So I went across the border and was born in Fort Smith, Arkansas at St. Edward's Hospital. Toby Jenkins: Did you go to school in Muldrow, or was there? 4 �Warren Duvall: I started out in a little country school called the Lee's Chapel, which is the Lee's Chapel community. When I started, they had eight grades there. And probably, I'd say 35 students. And after a couple years, they went down to one teacher because the population started reducing, it was worse for the students. And so for probably the third and fourth grade, we were just sixth grade. And then we just were part of the Muldrow. Toby Jenkins: You were consolidated with Muldrow? Warren Duvall: Consolidated, well, yeah, yes. Toby Jenkins: Did you go to high school in Muldrow? Warren Duvall: Did everything else outside of a very short period of time in Oklahoma City for two weeks in the fourth grade. I did that when I left Lee's Chapel and went to Muldrow in the fifth grade, all the way through graduation. Toby Jenkins: So you would have graduated from high school in 1966 from Muldrow? Warren Duvall: From Muldrow High School. Toby Jenkins: Okay, now did you, y'all lived on the farm. Did your family farm? I mean, is that what your parents did for their careers? Warren Duvall: Well, by the time, I don't know exactly when, but when I was a very small child, they had to, dad was farming the farm. Dad had a drinking problem and it was my mother's farm. She would never sign him over to it because she always said he'd just lose it. And so anyway, we farmed it. We started leasing out the bottom land, which is the farm land, crop land, the upland, the pasture land. We still kept that, kept cattle. And my brothers and dad and mom all had horses. I never had a horse back then. I rode behind my dad a lot. Used to, you know, he'd start galloping some and I was about to go, bouncing. Hanging on for dear life. Toby Jenkins: You lived out in the country. Did you ride a school bus? Warren Duvall: School bus. Toby Jenkins: What were your interests in school? Warren Duvall: In school, recess. Warren Duvall: Geography, history. Actually, I didn't enjoy history in school. You learn to enjoy history after Toby Jenkins: So were you in like school activities? Warren Duvall: Well, at least chapel, the school, there really wasn't much school activity. Field trips and things like that. But there were no active sports for us. We just did, I guess you'd call it intramural things on the playground. Toby Jenkins: So when you got to Muldrow, were you involved in school activities there? 5 �Warren Duvall: In junior high, I played basketball and football in the summer of the eighth grade, or in the spring. Two weeks before the school year was out, I came down with a rare disease called infectious mononucleosis. It was also, the nickname of it was the kissing disease. I don't know if you've heard that, but that's because the soldiers picked it up in Europe and brought it back to the United States. I was one of two people in the county that had it that year. I have no idea where it came from. Toby Jenkins: Were you kissing soldiers? Warren Duvall: Not yet. Toby Jenkins: So that was there in Muldrow. Warren Duvall: So after that, they wouldn't let me play sports for three years, and by the end, I didn't feel like it. Toby Jenkins: Were you in choir, or in a band, or? Warren Duvall: No, boys didn't do that in Muldrow High School. Toby Jenkins: But you worked on a farm, so you had to do chores. Warren Duvall: Rigorous farm chores. Toby Jenkins: And you had to do all that before you went to school? Warren Duvall: Oh yeah, got up at the crack of dawn and milked the cows and fed the cows. Toby Jenkins: Just out of curiosity, you said you graduated in 1966. Integration would have been an issue that would have been happening all around you in Oklahoma. Do you remember if your school class was an integrated school in Muldrow? I mean, were there black students? Yeah. Native American students? Warren Duvall: The Muldrow had a one through six black elementary school. For black students. Toby Jenkins: Segregated. Warren Duvall: Segregated. But then once they came to junior high, it was integrated. And I, it was before I graduated, they closed down the elementary school, so the black elementary school. So they were fully integrated. Toby Jenkins: By the time you were in high school? Warren Duvall: Yeah, I would think so. Toby Jenkins: Now, I know that Fort Chaffee's not far from there. Warren Duvall: Correct. Toby Jenkins: So there's kind of a large population of Cuban refugees, Vietnamese refugees. Did you go to school with any Vietnamese or Cuban? 6 �Warren Duvall: No, because that was after. Toby Jenkins: That was later. Warren Duvall: Yeah, that was much later. Toby Jenkins: So you graduated from high school in Muldrow. Now, did you go to the north side high school or the south side high school, or was there just one high school? Warren Duvall: Just one high school. Yeah. Toby Jenkins: Yeah. And still that way. Warren Duvall: My class graduated 103. Toby Jenkins: Well, now, that's a big class for an Oklahoma. That was the biggest class. Warren Duvall: Well, it was the biggest class they ever had. Warren Duvall: It was several years before they exceeded that. Of course, it's a lot more now. Toby Jenkins: And you graduated in 1966. Just out of curiosity, do you remember anything about our times, like your favorite music or your favorite movie star or your favorite... Warren Duvall: Well, I loved to dance. We partied a lot. This is junior high only. We didn't do that particularly in elementary school years. I don't know. Toby Jenkins: You remember your favorite music, your favorite musician? Warren Duvall: Just, you know, rock and roll, bebop, whatever you want, swing dance and all that sort of thing. And then by senior high, we had a little group of guys for a band and we had picnics and we'd... fill up one of those covered picnic areas. We did that a lot in my senior year. Toby Jenkins: Were you in the band? Warren Duvall: No, no. I have no musical talent. No one in my family does. Toby Jenkins: Just danced. Warren Duvall: But loved to dance. Toby Jenkins: Now, you get finished with high school. What did you do after that? Warren Duvall: I went almost directly. I graduated at the end of May, and I went into the radiology program at St. Edwards Mercy Hospital in July of 66. It was a two-year program, hospital based. Most nursing programs and lab techs and radiology students and so forth, the hospital owned back then. Even OU had a program, but it was a certificate program. It wasn't a degreed program at that time. So, I have a graduation certificate in licensed radiology for 40 years. 7 �Toby Jenkins: Through St. Edwards in... Warren Duvall: That was my school. Toby Jenkins: And was that where you went to work right after that? Warren Duvall: For a short period of time. Toby Jenkins: And then what happened? Warren Duvall: Well, we graduated in July and in August I got my Selective Service Physical Request. So, I went down, well, with Dad and Mom's advice, go join... Dad was in the Navy. So, he said, go down and join the Navy. I don't want you in infantry. Toby Jenkins: So, you had your certification in radiology. So, you had a medical background. Warren Duvall: Correct. Toby Jenkins: And you got your draft notice. What war was the United States fighting? Warren Duvall: The Vietnam War. Big time. Toby Jenkins: Do you remember your feelings when that happened, when you got that notice? I mean, by then you're a young man, you're already having a career path. Do you remember... Warren Duvall: Well, back then, the Selective Service, once you got out, whoever you were employed with, they had to hire you back. I don't know if it's still a policy or not because it's voluntary now. But, so when I got out, and I did radiology in the Navy, that typical military. The Navy had programs in schools, so they had A, B, and C as you went up the line. So, they had their own radiology program. So, they made me go, obviously through boot camp, and then they made me go to a core school for six months, even though I was a radiographer. And then when I got... I joined the Naval Reserve, and that was an obligation for six years, minimum six years. Two years active duty. And I did about, of six years, I did about half of it active and about half of it active reservist. I had to go to meetings during the week and summer camps. And that was from 68 to 74. Toby Jenkins: Now, were you ever deployed into Vietnam? Warren Duvall: I wasn't deployed to Vietnam, but I was sent to the US Naval Hospital in Yokosuka, Japan. We got medevacs every day from Vietnam, which was mostly Marines, all kinds of shapes. Some of them didn't make it. Some might get a little emotional here. You know, these guys came in all kinds of shapes. Some of them didn't leave the hospital alive. You would have incidents like you would maybe doing a portable x-ray in ICU. And let's say the patient was, you know, lost his legs and one arm. And he was delirious and had a fever. I was trying to do a portable xray on him. And he kept calling for his mom. He kept wanting me to scratch his foot. He 8 �didn't have legs, you know. So those kinds of things. Now, a corpsman on the floor wouldn't be directly involved with patient care. As a radiographer, I just dealt with them when we were performing some kind of radiology procedure on them. We had a separate unit upstairs for the officers. They were cared for separately. Got more care, more specific one-on-one type of care than the ward guys did. Some of the guys would come down with diseases in Vietnam. The U.S. Naval Hospital was the Navy's Far East Hospital. So we were the primary hospital for, you know, let's say a soldier or a sailor was injured seriously or moderately. They would come to us. We would do triage. The triage initially took place in Vietnam. And then they sent them to us for a lot of correcting surgeries and things. Then they were sent to the state side, to the military hospitals for major repairs. Additional medical care. Toby Jenkins: So you had to stabilize them. So you were in a trauma unit, basically seeing people in trauma.. Warren Duvall: Well, the hospital was basically a trauma. You could also serve civilians, dependents. There was housing on the base. Not a lot for dependents And then there was a place about, I don't know, 20 miles off the base where they had a unit just for civilians of the military housing. And I don't know how many, let's say a few hundred there. So we took care of them. And the World's Fair was taking place. Let's see, I went there in February of 1970. It was actually February 20, 1970. And I got out on February 20, 1972. So it had been two years to the day I left for it. I returned home. Toby Jenkins: And that was in Japan. You were stationed in Japan. And what was the name of the city again? Warren Duvall: Yokosuka, Y-O-K-O-S-U-K-A. Toby Jenkins: OK. Well, on behalf of our staff here, we want to thank you for your service to the American people. Warren Duvall: We weren't treated very well back then coming home. Toby Jenkins: No, there was such a, it was a volatile time in our nation's history. Warren Duvall: And you didn't wear your uniforms off base. You just didn't talk about your military openly unless it was just someone you knew or whatever. So the way we're accepted now was so foreign in the beginning it took me a long time to put on a cap or whatever. And I do that regularly ever since, ever since I guess Iraq and Afghanistan. Conflicts and so forth. Then people started thanking you for your service. Toby Jenkins: Well, I think probably just my thoughts. There began to be a strong advocacy that the Vietnam vets had done their duty. They did what they were told and required to do. They didn't make the decision whether we were in or not. And don't you feel like the Vietnam Memorial in Washington, D.C. began to change the nation's attitude? 9 �Warren Duvall: It was such a- Well, I'm sure it had a lot to do with it. Such a moving and meaningful- Yeah, if you've never been there, it's extremely moving because you have the Wall. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, and they have a replica of it that travels around the country. It's been in Tulsa at least twice. Warren Duvall: Yeah, I've been to it in Oklahoma City and in Tulsa. Toby Jenkins: So how old were you when you got out of the military? Warren Duvall: How was I? I was 24. Toby Jenkins: So you were just a young man. Were you married? Did you marry? Warren Duvall: Never married. Toby Jenkins: Okay. Now, during this time, how do you identify? What is your sexual orientation? Warren Duvall: Well, I'm a gay man. Toby Jenkins: You're a gay man. Warren Duvall: I've been gay all my life, but I didn't know it. Toby Jenkins: Yeah. So when did you become aware of your sexual orientation, you had attraction to your same sex? Warren Duvall: So there was a, yeah, there was a, I guess. Toby Jenkins: When did you, when were you aware that you were attracted to men and that others were not? That the other boys didn't have those things? Warren Duvall: Well, I battled that, let's say in high school. Cause, you know, my best friend, I mean, you know we were growing up and slept together and everything. So it was very comforting for me to snuggle up with him. He was just about as straight as you could ever be. But that sort of thing, because I started realizing that, you know, that I was more interested in my same sex than I was in the opposite sex. Toby Jenkins: So in high school, this wouldn't have been, were you able to tell anybody you had those feelings? Warren Duvall: No, I didn't admit that to myself at that time. I was always under the impression that I would, you know, this was an adolescent thing, and that I would like to grow out of it. Toby Jenkins: Okay. So you went off, you got out of high school, you went over to school in Fort Smith, to radiology as an adult, now. Did you pursue that then? I mean, did you… 10 �Warren Duvall: I did get offered one after I graduated, and I was solo working the night shift. I had a student with me part of the time, but this guy that was in the, he was orderly in the ER, and he started getting extra friendly with me. Toby Jenkins: Okay, so he flirted? Warren Duvall: Yeah, and actually talked me into taking him into a room and locking the door. Toby Jenkins: So he was your first intimate? Warren Duvall: No, my cousin. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, okay. Warren Duvall: Eventually, we were little then, but eventually in junior high and into high school, so now we would still… Toby Jenkins: You were a young adult. You knew what you… Warren Duvall: When I started realizing and accepting, it was when I was overseas in the Navy, and you're around men everywhere. The only women were nurses, basically, young officers. They had male and female nurses, but it started in my attraction. Some of my friends are just someone that I physically was attracted to. I realized in high school that I was extremely fond of some of the male…The Big Valley, you remember the half-brother, what was his name? Anyway, he was always shuffling his shirt. It was a country and western. I was very attracted. Toby Jenkins: Bonanza? Warren Duvall: No, it wasn't Bonanza, but I think it was the Big Valley, but anyway. Yeah, I think that's what it was. Toby Jenkins: So you definitely liked some of the guys on the Big Valley. Big Valley was a TV show. Barbara Stanwyck was in that. Toby Jenkins: In the military. .. Warren Duvall: Didn't do anything in the military. Toby Jenkins: But you became aware. Warren Duvall: Became very aware. Toby Jenkins: Were there other gay men? Did you meet other gay men in the military? Warren Duvall: Not until, well, I was around them, but I didn't learn to just, I don't know. The last month or two I was there, I found out there was a group of gay guys that lived off base that leased a house, and there's about six or seven of them. But I never had any contact with them. Toby Jenkins: Any relationship. 11 �Warren Duvall: There was one guy that was, he was a lab tech, and he was very feminine, and he was very expressive and everything, and a voice that went along with the stereotype, so he was pretty obvious. Nobody said anything, well, I mean, they may have, but not in the general population of the hospital. Toby Jenkins: So you said you never explored that while you were in the military. Now, when you left the bases, while you were deployed, did you ever go out and find gay clubs in Japan, or? Warren Duvall: I knew of one off base, which we went into. I mean, they would be straight guys, and some of them might have been gay, but you know. We went as a curiosity of going into a gay bar, that sort of thing. Before I left the active duty, I'd made up my mind that I was going to explore my gayness when I got back to the States. I didn't know it was all around me. But so I went exploring sooner if I don't make it. Toby Jenkins: Finished with your deployments, and you returned to the United States, and where was it, did you go directly back to Oklahoma? Warren Duvall: I went back to Oklahoma, and went back to work at the hospital where I trained, because they had to hire me back. And then a friend of mine, a good friend before, went to a neighboring community, Roland. Of course, we were adversaries in school, but Roland was, at that time, much smaller, it really wasn't even much, a couple service stations. Then Interstate 40 came through, Roland, and Roland just exploded. Toby Jenkins: So you had come back, decided that you were gonna explore your sexual orientation. Warren Duvall: So this guy graduated from Rowland, but when the fall semester started and my fellow classmates were going off to school, he was in Wilburton, junior college in Wilburton. Okay, some of my fellow students were down there and they met him and when they came home on the weekends and the partying and stuff, that's how I got acquainted with him and we had particular fondness for each other. Toby Jenkins: So y'all developed a relationship? Warren Duvall: Not an intimate relationship, but over time. He showed up after I had come back. One night he showed up, he'd become a teacher and taught in Ponca City for a year before he came back. He was going to Florida, he had two fellow female teachers that had gone to Florida and found jobs down there and he said, why don't you go with me and let's look for work down there. Well, that was just an ideal thing for me because I was going to get away either to Florida or New York State. The only gay cousin that I know I had, but probably not, but he was older than my mother because his father was my grandfather, Tidwell, mom's father. His first wife died from one of those diseases they had back then, consumption or whatever. And then he was single for many years. So he had one son and the one son got married and had two kids, one girl, one boy. Well, Fred was actually four years older than mom, but mom was his aunt because there was a long gap between when my grandfather married the second time. 12 �Toby Jenkins: Was he gay? Warren Duvall: Well, yeah, he was gay, but no one knew that. He went through the military during the war. He was an officer, he had a doctorate in business, so he taught at universities and things in California. When I was getting out, or let's say the last six months or so, he started writing to me. He'd come home because his parents were in California and they were dying one at a time and his sister took care of them. I don't think she ever married, but I didn't really know her. I don't know if I probably saw her when I was young. Toby Jenkins: And where did he live? Warren Duvall: When he started contacting me, he was in New York City. I think he taught business at New York City University, I believe. So he started writing me letters because he'd come home, stopped spending time with mom, either going or coming from his parents, and they died pretty close together. So mom put him in my old bedroom, and so he started writing to me. He would tell me, well, your mom put me in your bedroom, I just, you know, I felt really comfortable there and I felt like I needed to write you a letter if you'd wanted me to communicate with. So we communicated back and forth until I got out and he wanted me to come and see him. He told me that he had this young man that lived with him. That's as much as he told me. So when I got out and then my friend came along and went to Florida, so I was gay, he was gay, and after we moved to Florida, Roy and I got an apartment and then the night I pulled in with my U-Haul, my motorcycle, my U-Haul and my few possessions, I saw this huge man because I pulled into the parking lot and the back of our apartment had sliding doors and I could see this huge man in there. So I, you know, I went in, and Roy introduced me to Gary, and Gary was the nicest guy. He was a school teacher. We both got jobs down there, so he hadToby Jenkins: You got a job in a hospital. What city in Florida? Warren Duvall: In Florida it would have been...The hospital was in Cocoa, which is on the mainland from Cocoa Beach, and the name of the hospital was Wusthof, a 200-bed hospital. So that's where I went to work. But anyway, after a while Gary invited me and Roy to move in with him because his roommates were leaving or whatever. I think he had a couple of roommates and so, to make a long story short, there was three gay guys living together, none of us talking about gayness, and there was a TV series, gosh, I can't remember the name of it. It was the first thing I saw in a TV series where this guy was a married man and realized he was gay and came out. And that story was the big thing because it was the first thing on TV that talked about being gay. I don't know if you remember it or not, and so that kind of opened us up, you know, because we were very interested in that and so forth. But when I went to work at Wusthof, there was this gorgeous Italian man who was a respiratory therapist... And when I'd see him in the cafeteria, you know stealing glances, never talking to him personally or anything. And so time went on and I had just gotten me a, I had just ordered me a new car and I was going into the bank, you know, to get my loan and everything, and I was in my cut13 �off jeans and you know, and I come out of the bank and this car was sitting there and the sun was to my back so I couldn't see who was in the car and he had pulled up and rolled his window down and yelled out at me. So you know, I really couldn't see him. So I walk over to the window and I say it's this guy, you know. And he's like, do you live around here? And I'm like, yeah, a couple miles down in the Atlantic. And he said, well, I just live a few blocks from here, but we'll have to get together, that sort of thing. He had two kids, his wife worked on the base, there was an Air Force base- St Patrick Air Force Base, I think, which was south of Kennedy Space Center, and anyway. So one thing led to the other. And then he showed up as a patient one day for an IVP, which is a kidney x-ray procedure that you did back then with contrast with the kidneys and bladders would show up, ureters and bladders would show up. So he came in for that. So we got real friendly while I was doing the procedure on him. That happened just before I ran into him at the bank, but anyway he made arrangements for me to come over when his wife was working. That was my first affair of sorts. The guy was nuts. Toby Jenkins: They usually are. Warren Duvall: First thing he wanted to do, he wanted to move out and he wanted to, he insisted on me telling my roommates that I was gay, which was very hard for me to do because we'd never talked about it. Toby Jenkins: But your roommates were gay. Warren Duvall: Yeah. But they didn't particularly react to that. Roy seemed to be quite jealous of this guy. I can't think of his name right now. I don't think he's with us for several years now, but anyway, so we moved out. He always changes his mind from day to day, and so I didn't know anything to do except run away from him and come back home. At the same time, my mother was complaining that dad was falling off the wagon and that was her excuse to get me back home too. Well, when he found out that I was going to leave, he packed up and came to Oklahoma with me. I can't get rid of this guy. Toby Jenkins: So this was the Italian guy. Warren Duvall: This was the Italian guy. Toby Jenkins: And he had left his wife and his kids. Warren Duvall: At that point, he had left his wife and kids and came to Oklahoma with me. Toby Jenkins: And that wasn't the plan. Warren Duvall: That wasn't the plan. I had job interviews in Oklahoma City and job interviews in Tulsa and one interview in Bartlesville. He was a respiratory therapist. I don't know if I said that. So he interviewed, he didn't have any appointments or 14 �anything, but he interviewed in some hospitals in Oklahoma City, I guess in Tulsa too. He got accepted for a job in Bartlesville was the only place he got an offer to go to work. So that worked for me because he had to go to Bartlesville and I was intending on finding a job in Tulsa anyway. So I found a job at Doctors Hospital at 25th and Harvard. I worked there 27 and a half years for a variety of routine procedures, thoracic procedures, surgical procedures, emergency room procedures. CAT scan came along. I worked with CAT scans in the early stages, so I really didn't like it. That's more one-onone with my patients. CT was, you know, you stuck them in this unit out there and you were in a separate room. Warren Duvall: So back in Tulsa, did that relationship end? Warren Duvall: Yes, but it was very difficult because I could not get rid of him and he kept coming down and said, I'm gonna move in with you. And I'm like, no, you can't do that. So when he saw that I wasn't going to do that, he called his wife, sell the house and came up here. So she came up there. Of course, he was always wanting me to come to their house on the weekends and things. She was very nice, very innocent, and from a big family. They were, you know, they were fromToby Jenkins: Was she aware that he had relationships with men? Warren Duvall: No, she might've suspected. She never asked me directly. But he was very belligerent to her once she came there and they bought a house and everything. But he kept trying to come back into my life. So, you know, I just, it was a very uncomfortable situation. And I would take him down to my parents. He wanted to go down... that thing. And the first time I took him, my brother was down in the field and they were cutting greens, I think, spinach. Warren Duvall: And mom said, oh, we'll take him down. Jerry's down there. Made him see a farm, you know, what goes on on a farm. So I took him down there. Well, I swear to God, he was so self-conscious of whether he was butch or not that he literally had a friend film him walking to see if he swished too much or, I meanToby Jenkins: So he had a lot of internalized homophobia. Warren Duvall: He had all kinds of….He was, I don't know, he was bipolar, I think. Toby Jenkins: Now, did you take him down with you, did you come out to your family as gay? Warren Duvall: No, no, no, still had not come out. After him, I decided, well, I'm not straight. I mean, I'm not gay, because this is nuts. So I tried, I came back to Oklahoma and tried to come to Tulsa, tried to play the straight game for two or three more years. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, that almost broke you, huh? So you're in Tulsa. Let's speed along, because that was all fascinating to me. So you're in Tulsa, and this relationship, you got away from that. Did you begin to connect with the community here? Warren Duvall: Well, so my friend that we went to Florida with, he stayed down there for that two or three years, and then he finally came back and was in the Muldrow, 15 �Roland , Fort Smith area. He was a school teacher, but he wound up going to EMT school down in Florida and worked for their ambulance and worked in the hospitals and things like that, even though he had a, he was a math major. He came back. Toby Jenkins: Well, you're in Tulsa. I'm just curious, when did you start connecting with the gay community? Warren Duvall: Okay, he showed up, and we went to an adult movie theater downtown on Main Street on about 5th, and the Taj Mahal was around the corner. Well, I knew that that was a gay bar, even though I was still doing the straight scene. But anyway, he brought a fellow school teacher who was obviously a feminine gay man. They wanted to go to the Taj Mahal, and I was like, oh no, because my thought was every family member and every person I work with is gonna be outside the door watching me walk in this gay bar. I mean, that was my mindset. I was so scared to do it, so they were kind of put out with me. But anyway, that was kind of the opening. Then this girl came to work at Doctors, a fellow tech. She was a really attractive, pixie girl, and we got along really well, and then she got what wound up being her roommate, a job there in radiology as an aide, getting patients and helping running in the dark room, things like that. So I got really, we got closer and closer and ran around with them and everything, and slowly got around to the point that we were both gay. So lesbians brought me out. They took me to, it was before Queen of Hearts on Main Street. It was, what was it, it was a drag bar. What was the name of that one? And they took me to another bar that was on Utica and what's that, 4th Street. There was a TG&Y there, and now it's a County Medical, some kind of department there, but right on the north side of the parking lot was this bar that was a gay bar. That's the first place they took me. So we go up and we sit down at the bar, and here's these two or three floozy gals in there, and this black one walks up and sits down on the barstool beside me and strikes up a conversation with me, and I'm just talking to her, blah, blah, blah, blah, you know, and she goes about her way. And one of the girls leaned over and said, you know, that's a drag queen, don't you know that? Toby Jenkins: Thought they had you in a lesbian bar. Warren Duvall: I just thought she was a, you know, a floozy gal, you know, trying to put the make on me. Toby Jenkins: So did you ever start going to the bars by yourself? Warren Duvall: So this continued, you know. I would talk to them while going out, and they, of course, there was a lesbian bar on Memorial between 15th and 21st. Toby Jenkins: Do you remember it? Shotzi's, or the Club? Warren Duvall: That was the later name of it. Toby Jenkins: The Club. 16 �Warren Duvall: The Club, yeah, the club. It was really a girls' bar, but the guys would go in early there. Back then, you know, it was liquor by the wink, you know, you had a brown bag, you know, and so forth, but, so they'd take me there, and they had to introduce me to some guy here, and nothing happened, you know, and one night I wanted to go out, and, uh. Susan said, just go out on your own. Oh, I'm afraid to do that. Well, you know, come to the Club, you know, some of the girls in there and everything. So I did. I struck out on my own and I was just having my drinks and smoking and that sort of thing. And I got this other mixed drink. I'm like, I didn't order that. Well, there's a gentleman over there that bought you this drink. And I said, well, who is it? And I looked around and there's this big old guy over there and he was just grinning. So that was my first introduction to the gay community. Because he introduced me to all his gay friends and I became part of their group. Back then, gay Tulsa was kind of cliquish. I mean, if you weren't in a group, you know, you didn't have much of a gay social life. Toby Jenkins: Now, did you eventually end up with a relationship? I mean, you… Warren Duvall: Well, for once I came out and that was a whole new experience for me and everything. So I was partying hard, meeting lots of tricks. And at some point along about the time it was about like 1980 or so, there was this little one paragraph article in Tussle World about these gay men in New York City and L.A. that were coming down with this strange disease, you know. Of course, that caught my attention. And then you start hearing more and more rumors about that. And I thought in my mind, I need to settle down with someone. Well, about four of us went to Oklahoma City for one weekend and I met this cowboy down there, Roger. And we were at one of the bars up on 39th Street, a smaller bar. Of course, it changed, and had many names. I don't remember what it was called back then. But anyway, he caught my eye when he came in and we were back in the pool area, playing pool. So he caught my eye and I commented on him to my friends. Well, why don't you go up there and talk to him? Well, I'm very shy, very shy back then, especially gay shy. But finally I got my nerve up and went up there and he was sitting there by himself. It was early. There was just us and him. All that was in there at that time, the bartender. So I sat down with him at a high table and we struck up a conversation and people came in, people came in. And he kept, he would say, well, I'll buy us another round if you'll go get it. So I'd go get it. So I sat there with him for two or three hours and finally he said, I'm gonna have to go to the bathroom. He says, I've got a cast on my leg. And he did get a cast on his leg. So he'd gotten into a wreck. He was a druggie. He had a wild gay life in the Navy on board ships that I knew nothing about. Anyway…. Toby Jenkins: So you all ended up together. Warren Duvall: So we ended up together that night and the next weekend I called him and I went down. And some of my friends were there too. Anyway, we went out to dinner and he was high as a kite. And anyway, we spent the night at the new gay club at the hotel in Oklahoma City, the Habana Inn. I haven't been there since the new owners, but. 17 �So we ended up, he came up the next weekend and I took him out to Zebra's to play some, about 33rd and Yale. Toby Jenkins: Zippers. Warren Duvall: Zippers. And anyway, before the weekend was over, he told me, well, you know, I'd like to have a permanent relationship with you. And he was starting to, he had just went through a treatment program at the VA, but he was falling off the wagon and the reason he broke his leg was because heToby Jenkins: Sobriety program. So y'all ended up together. Warren Duvall: Right. And he was from Oklahoma City. So he moved to Tulsa with me. And that was 82, early 82. Toby Jenkins: And how long were y'all together? Warren Duvall: 10 years. Toby Jenkins: You said that you were in the medical field and you had seen the notice about some of the first AIDS patients in New York. What did that begin to look like in Tulsa? Warren Duvall: Well, it was, you know, it started to be a general conversation when you went out, you know, guys talking about it and so forth. And of course you got more and more information. And then the first gay patient we got was this big old man. You know, like any big straight man. I mean, no sense of being gay. Of course, the rumor was he was in ICU coming in sick. And the rumor was this guy's gay, you know? And so he was, I don't think he got out of there. I think he died in the hospital after a couple of weeks. So he was the first AIDS patient that I dealt with. Toby Jenkins: What was the hospital’s…Y'all were dealing with your first AIDS patient. What were the general policies? Warren Duvall: Well, I mean, they just put him in isolation. So just a typical isolation patient, you know, you had to get on up and mask up and everything. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, you were afraid to work with him. Didn't really know, did you? Warren Duvall: Didn't know very much at all. But he was very, he wasn't a stereotypical type gay guy. You know, and so our staff couldn't believe that that man was gay, you know? But anyway, that was my first time working with a gay patient. Toby Jenkins: When did you get involved with the community, the gay community, and their response to AIDS? Warren Duvall: Okay, when the guy bought me the drink at the club, I got acquainted with his circle of friends. I would be with him. We'd go over here and do that and go out to dinner and all the things you do. And one weekend, we took a long weekend and went to the [horse] races in Arkansas. Hot Springs is that down there? I can't think of which Springs it is. Anyway, we rented a Winnebago, and there's about eight or nine of us in this Winnebago. So we drove down to Eureka Springs. 18 �Toby Jenkins: Hot Springs. Warren Duvall: Hot Springs. So we drove down there. Toby Jenkins: To the horse races. Warren Duvall: Yeah, spent the weekend at horse races and things. So that's how I got acquainted with the gay people and going to parties and going out and so forth. Toby Jenkins: But when did you get involved with, like I know we have this picture here, you're in the Follies. When did you begin to get involved with the gay community's response to people with AIDS and your caregiving? Warren Duvall: Well, once I read that article, I'd be concerned about my own health, you know? Which is, like I say, when I decided I needed to settle down with one person, so, and Roger came along and I settled down with him. So, a year or so later, might have been two years, we'd been together for some time. This guy showed up that was a past friend of his in Oklahoma City and he was a scrub tech that had come up to work with one of the doctors that worked at Doctors Hospital, a plastic surgeon. But anyway, we got acquainted with him. He was an old friend of Roger's and he got really sick. And we went up to see him and his mother was there and he was from Ardmore originally. So, he was in the latter stages, you know, his skin and bones and she had had problems with so-called his friends taking things from his apartment and stuff like that. And so, she gave us the 9th degree and then when she figured out that, you know, we were coming to visit him, his friends, she was very happy that we were there. And so, we would spend some time with him and, you know, he was at the end, and said he had diarrhea all the time. And like I say, he was skin and bones. And I would clean him up, you know, because I'm a medical person, you know, you gotta keep cleaning people up. He didn't survive more than a week from the first time we went in to see him, I don't think. And then, they took him, so he was, I guess he was at Hillcrest. They took him to the old Moore's facility on 14th and Peoria, somewhere around there. Well. The funeral home. The funeral home. After he died. Well, the big funeral home is south of the cemetery off of Memorial. They were used to taking care of AIDS patients. They were scared to death. They took him and put him in a garage out back when his family came to see his body. Then they had to drag him back in. But that's how scared they were. He had AIDS, they stuck him out there, butt naked with the sheet over him. So, we went through all that rigamarole and everything with his family and him. So, that was a good introduction. That's when we went down and joined SHANTI. Toby Jenkins: Okay, and tell us what SHANTI was. Warren Duvall: Well, you were assigned an AIDS buddy. Of course, we were a couple, so we were doing it together and we went through the training program. That's when I met David Parsons. He was going through the, he had just started out. I can remember David, I can remember distinctly, we're sitting there in this classroom setting with just 19 �the two of us right then, and then David walks in, real friendly, how are you, gets his chair, drags it right up in front of us, and... yadda. He was going through, or he was starting one, I think. I think he was starting one because, anyway, so that's how we met David. So, I knew David off and on, over time, and got better and better acquainted with the times. So, we got assigned this guy, and then we split up. Uh, and thenToby Jenkins: You and Roger ended your relationship. Warren Duvall: We did pre-Christmas in 91. Anyway, so, you know, we started taking this guy out and doing things with him and everything, and then we split up. Roger stayed here for a while, and then he moved to Oklahoma City with this little nelly guy. I'm like, Roger always thought he was butch and everything. He got caught in drag driving, and they took him to the hospital, and his parents came in, and he was in the emergency room in drag. Toby Jenkins: But So you had the AIDS patient and Roger and you had split up, so did you continue to get more involved in SHANTI? Warren Duvall: Well, SHANTI had gone by the wayside pretty much, because, you know, one person couldn't handle an AIDS patient by themselves, so they came up with—what's that called? Toby Jenkins: RAIN [Regional AIDS Interfaith Network}. Warren Duvall: Okay. Anyway, that took over. I continued—Roger and I split up, but I continued to— Toby Jenkins: Be a part of the RAIN team. Warren Duvall: To be a part of this guy. Toby Jenkins: This patient. Warren Duvall: This patient, yeah, and Roger moved off to Oklahoma City. Toby Jenkins: So what was it like in those days? You're doing the RAIN team, and you're a medical— Warren Duvall: No, I'm not doing the RAIN team. I didn't even join it. But I was still taking care of this guy Toby Jenkins: So the community—you were a medical professional, so you were seeing it from a different angle. And then you were seeing the community's organization. We've had multiple people who've interviewed and talked about that period. It was a difficult time, because people, as you said, you'd be diagnosed, and then you would be gone quickly. There was no treatment to save your life, and yet some people would get sick, and they would survive and still would be living with it, you know, 30, 40 years later. What was the mood in the community, and you as a medical professional, what was it like? I mean, was it— 20 �Warren Duvall: Well, it was very cautious. People became much more concerned and cautious about their sexual habits. Toby Jenkins: Right. So it transformed the communities. Warren Duvall: It definitely transformed the community. You still, I mean, you still socialized and so forth. But the worst thing was you would have, let's say, you'd have a social friend that came down with it and there would be no time until they were gone. So you went through that over and over and over and over and over. Toby Jenkins: How many funerals do you think you went to during the time of the pandemic? Warren Duvall: Probably a dozen. Toby Jenkins: Of close friends who died? Warren Duvall: Socialized friends. I never had a really super close friend until much later. I had a friend that came down with it much later after they were starting to have some successful treatments. Toby Jenkins: We've talked about this. You've talked about how you liked to dance and things like that. Were you involved in what we call the Follies and some of the fundraising efforts? Warren Duvall: I was in the, Roger and I, in the picture. We did the Follies the first two years, did that dance routine with that group there. I think it was almost verbatim, there was only one or two that weren't in that picture that was in the first year. Then I stayed active with Linda and them, but I didn't do any kind of active work on stage with them until her final year, the 10th year, and of course, Roger was long gone by then. Toby Jenkins: What were the Follies? It was an annual fundraising event for those living with HIV and AIDS. Linda started it. Toby Jenkins: Linda Stevens? Warren Duvall: Linda Stevens. Toby Jenkins: Who's recently deceased. Warren Duvall: I didn't know that. Toby Jenkins: Yeah. We just lost her in the last— It's been almost three months now. Warren Duvall: Oh, man. I wanted to get to see her. I went to their house one time to knock on the door, but nobody came. Man, I knew she was in really bad health, but I didn't know that. Toby Jenkins: You talked about you being involved with some other affinity groups, community organizations. You mentioned you were part of the Drillers Bears. Was this a socialization group for men who identified as bears? Warren Duvall: Yes. 21 �Toby Jenkins: Tell us kind of what a bear is. Because you've talked about this a lot in your interview about the flamboyant, effeminate, all the different— Warren Duvall: Right. To me, Roger and I's first introduction to it was when we were on vacation in Florida, and we were in Orlando and there was a gay hotel there in Orlando [Parliament House], kind of like the one in Oklahoma City. So we went there. Anyway, there's this group of big guys, big burly guys, and they were in this bar that was next to the hotel, and I think it was called the Blue Moon, maybe. It was kind of a Levi Leathers kind of bar. So there's all these guys in there. My conception was that a bear was a hairy man. Toby Jenkins: More masculine, more hairy, working class. Warren Duvall: Beer gut, whatever. Toby Jenkins: Wasn't the typical Hollywood depiction of slender sleeves, muscle-lift gay guys. Warren Duvall: Yeah, just the common guys. Toby Jenkins: So you became a part of that group, Drillers Bears here in Oklahoma. Warren Duvall: Well, I became part of that. That was after Roger and I split up, but the initial group in Orlando, which I think, I was told that was the first time that a group of guys had met and formed a bear group. Of course, and then it spread nationwide and worldwide in a very short period of time. So I was active in that, and then we would go to gay rodeos all over, in Oklahoma, Arkansas, and actually, Roger and I split up when I went to Arkansas, but Missouri and stuff, and then once he left, I got acquainted with Rick Poston, and he was trying to form a new gay rodeo division in Tulsa because you weren't a real close part to the OGRA, particularly. Toby Jenkins: And OGRA stands for what? Warren Duvall: Oklahoma Gay Rodeo Association. Toby Jenkins : And that was basically based in Oklahoma City. Warren Duvall: Yeah, it was statewide. Toby Jenkins: And so when you say gay rodeo, for our viewers, explain what that means, gay rodeo. Warren Duvall: A gay rodeo, well, it was a typical rodeo version, the gays' version of a rodeo. Toby Jenkins: So people who like Country and Western music… Warren Duvall: Western living, and like to ride horses and do all the things, and there were different organizations and you were all affiliated with IGRA. 22 �Toby Jenkins: Our viewers might be familiar with the explosion of interest when you had Urban Cowboy come out and Gillies, and where country and Western were people who were not farmers or cowboys or ranchers. They dress as cowboys and go out in twostep dancing. So this is theWarren Duvall: Right, kind of a popular thing. Actually, the first time I started going back to what I grew up in, it was still in the straight bars. And then after I was going to the straight bars and dancing, I started my gay paraphernalia, up again. Then it morphed right into the gay scene real quick. So I just, I returned to my roots, still in straight life and then morphed into the gay scene. Toby Jenkins: So you weren't playing or role-playing the role of a cowboy because, for our viewers, there were gay country and western bars, and there'd be country and western bar nights, country and western nights at our clubs, but it was kind of almost like a culture where you dressed up in cowboy boots and wranglers and you looked the part, but you had never been near a horse or a rope-to-cow. Warren Duvall: Common name for it was Drugstore Cowboys. Toby Jenkins: What'd they call it? Warren Duvall: Drugstore Cowboys. Toby Jenkins: Drugstore Cowboys. But you actually were a part of the group that became, what was it called here in Tulsa, the? Warren Duvall: It was Sooner State Rodeo Association. Toby Jenkins: So it was. Warren Duvall: We were the first organization that separated from an existing state organization, the IGRA. And we were the first that split our state. Toby Jenkins: And so these organizations would have been all over the country. Warren Duvall: Yeah, they're all affiliated with the IGRA, which is International Gay Rodeo Association. So we applied for a new membership, and so that involved us going to meetings and things. I think it was probably the second annual meeting that I went to, and that was, let's see. We got accepted, not exactly sure what city we were in, but anyway, we were the first to put in to separate from, to be separate from OGRA, Oklahoma Gay Rodeo Association, which it was basically, it was a state organization, but it was 90% Oklahoma City metro area. Warren Duvall: Once they accepted us, there were two or three other groups in different states that were right there wanting to put their application in. So I don't know where, then I got separated from the Sooner State Rodeo Association kind of on a political situation. Toby Jenkins: So this group came together, and one of the things they did is they hosted a yearly rodeo. Warren Duvall: Yes. 23 �Toby Jenkins: Just like you would have, which was very common in our culture here in the middle of the country. Warren Duvall: And it didn't have to be a big rodeo. It could be in somebody's barn. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, and what would y'all do at the rodeo? What kind of entries would there be? Like, name off the different things. Warren Duvall: Oh, well, calf roping. Toby Jenkins: Barrel racing. Warren Duvall: Bulldogging, barrel racing, and there's another rehab pole, line of poles. You didn't do this in the straight. You need to zigzag through them. I can't remember that term. They had bull riding, horseback, bareback, saddleback, and then they did more kinky, campy things, just fun things. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, they'd have drag queens perform. Warren Duvall: Yeah, they had, what do we use the goat for? You had to tie a ribbon on the goat or something. But anyway, there were fun things to do, but the other was semiserious. The livestock class of livestock we did, it's about university-type stock. Maybe you'd say high school and university. That's probably on the same level. There's not many high schools, but there are high schools in Oklahoma that have a rodeo program. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, so you would have these big rodeos that would be a full-blown rodeo, but it would be imprinted with being LGBT proud, being out and proud. So for our viewers, it must have meant a lot to you to be able to return to your childhood and your experiences and blend those two together. Warren Duvall: Back when we were just a little kid... the rodeo in Fort Smith every year, which was a big thing. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, I will say this. I want to make sure our viewers are aware of this. This was an extremely successful, what I would call community crossover. Every gay rodeo that I personally attended- and I've been to Oklahoma City, I've been to them in Wyoming, Texas- half the crowd is straight. Yeah, it was a very good environment for people outside of the community. Allies like these gay cowboys would have their families there and you allowed straight people to enter the competitions. Warren Duvall: As I remember right there weren't any restrictions on it. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, it was a very good way for people to mix with the community and get to know us. Did you enjoy being a part of that? Warren Duvall: Very much so, yeah, I was very active and held health officer positions and then one year I was a rodeo coach. I was a rodeo director, which was the first rodeo we had here which actually was sponsored by the OGRA. And I had told you earlier that Rick and his boyfriend at the time started putting this Sooner State Rodeo Association together. So since we were working to separate and since Rick got that in Tulsa from his membership and officer in the OGRA in Oklahoma City, they were not happy with him 24 �but he'd already signed up and everything. Our first rodeo here was sponsored by the OGRA but the Sooner State did 90% of the involvement in putting it together and so forth. They might disagree with that percentage. But even before we became an active, accepted member in the IGRA, we put the rodeo on- I think that was 2003,, maybe 2002.. Toby Jenkins: And hosted the international here in Tulsa. So the International Gay Rodeo Association came here in Tulsa and your Sooner State Rodeo as a part of the Oklahoma Gay Rodeo Association. Y'all served as the host. Warren Duvall: Yeah, well, OGRA served as the host, but the majority of the staff came from the Sooner State. Toby Jenkins: People came from all over the country, didn't they? Warren Duvall: Yes, right, and it was a three-day event. Toby Jenkins: When did you get involved with Oklahomans for Equality? I mean, I know, would you have cowboys and horses in the pride parade? I mean, was this something? Warren Duvall: Yeah, sometimes, yeah, and we put on a float every year, back when I was active in it. And, yeah, I think I remember some people were. .. Toby Jenkins: And when did you get connected to this Oklahomans for Equality year at the Equality Center? Warren Duvall: Probably not until I, really not until I came back in 2019, just before COVID. I came back at the end of October and by early 2020. Toby Jenkins: Because you had gone home and lived on the farm for a while… Warren Duvall: Right, yeah, for 13 years now my mother had died, and my brother, who had a home on the farm. My mother had given him three acres to build him a house. He was in bad health too. He started early in life with cardiac problems. He had a bypass at age 40 or 42. But anyway, she had died in April of 2004, and he died in May of 2005.. So my oldest brother and my sister- there's four of us, two boys and then my sister, and I was the youngest, and I was nine years younger than our oldest brother. Toby Jenkins: So we're kind of coming towards the end, so I just want to, so you move back to Tulsa and then you begin to get involved here at the Equality Center. Warren Duvall: With the two senior citizen organizations. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, Prime Timers. Warren Duvall: And SAGE, which we got more into. Toby Jenkins: For our viewers, kind of tell us what Prime Timers is, what kind of organization is it for? Warren Duvall: Prime Timers is an organization for gay, bisexual men. 25 �Toby Jenkins: Older. Warren Duvall: 50 and older, typically. If you were a partner of someone and you were much younger, you could be a member because of your relationship to your partner that was a member of the group. Toby Jenkins: And then the SAGE, it was called, which is Services Advocacy for Gay Elders, what SAGE stands for. But eventually, SAGE's program began to be called the OkEq Seniors Program, and so you began to get involved in that. Now, earlier in our time together, you talked about David Parsons, who you first met at a training session, with SHANTI, where you're gonna take care of people living with HIV-AIDS. So he's been your friend all of these years. Warren Duvall: Yeah, and we've gotten closer and closer after Roger and I split up. I think Roger and I used to have a Christmas party every year, and I think after we met David, I think he came to a couple of those. This was before his partner Al. But anyway, Roger and I had bought a condo out on 51st between Memorial and Mingo. It's called Idlewild II. Toby Jenkins: Well, you've been connected with David Parsons all of these years. Warren Duvall: Roger and I split up. I got left with the condo because he wanted to sell it right away and it was worth, it priced for 15,000 less than what it was. And I said, well, I'm not gonna take that loss. So I ended up taking over the whole thing, which put me in a financial bind until I sold it. So, early on, I had moved downtown when I had come out and actually met another married man and had a short affair with him. That's when I pulled the floor off of having any kind of relationships with married men. Not a good thing. Because they just don't, they don't work out basically because they're doing a double life and you're kind of always the secondary part of that relationship. Well, that was my experience with it and most people that I've talked to, same thing. Toby Jenkins: So you were getting involved with the seniors program here and you and David, you'd bring David to the program. Warren Duvall: Yes, well, when I sold the condo, I moved just off of downtown on 17th and Carson. You know, what I call the Jetson building. We were on the south side of the street behind the Mansion. In fact, the duplex I was in was owned by the owner of the Mansion, what I call that law firm that had that Mansion back then. So I sold the condo and lived there for four or five years and that's when mom died. And my brother was, I had just moved back to the farm. Well, the reason I did that was because I became physically unable to keep my job when I ruptured my L5-S1 and I'd already had my first hip surgery and had ruptured my neck, moving a patient. So I had so many medical things going on with me and it just became too hard for me to work and do my job properly and everything. So I wound up, initially I planned on semi-retiring at 57 and I wound up retiring at 57 because of my physical injury. So, I was just a few blocks from David and Al. So, you know, we intermingled and it was over because, you know, they had, after he met Al, you know, they had gatherings at their house and dinners and parties and things like that. So, we came closer and closer and then I moved off for 13 years. And when I came back, which was the end of 26 �October, 2019, I had called David and I would come up and we'd go out to dinner when I was on the farm. And I'd come up and go to doctor's appointments up here. I would get in touch with them and, you know, we'd go to eat and sometimes I spent the weekend here. So, we became pretty close before, in fact, I was at David and Al's house when I got the call that my mother had died. So, we became good friends. Some of my friends came down when I first moved to the farm. Some of them came down and about five or six of them came down to see, you know, where I was living and what was going on down there. David came, I don't know if Al came or not, probably so, they got a big kick, because they wanted me to show them around the country side. And like I said, as a crow flies, I was a mile from the river, but I was about three miles from it to get to it from either the upper side of the dam or below the dam, which was Locking Dam 14 on the natural part of the Arkansas down there. So, we had about, well, we had about 90 acres of farmland. 75 or so of it was good, productive farming land where you grew different crops. Typically, over the years it changed, but in recent years, pretty much in that part of Oklahoma you grew corn one year, next year you put in winter wheat and when the winter wheat came off, you combined that and then you put in soybeans. So, you had three crops in two years. That's what it was, all the, it was already that when I moved. Toby Jenkins: And so, these boys would come down here to see that. Warren Duvall: So, I'd take them down into the corn field and you go down this road, it's actually an extension of the county road, but the county didn't take care of it anymore and we were on one side and there's another owner on the other side of this road. But, we got down to a 90 degree turn and they had just put up street signs out in the country down there and there was a street sign in the corner of the corn field. They got the biggest kick out of it. They couldn't believe that there was a, of course, it didn't take long for them. .. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, that's called urban sprawl, you know. So, I know that you, and we're gonna wrap this up, you, I know you would, you and David would come to Sage because your good friend, he was diagnosed with dementia and for several years, you were his ride or die. You took him to Prime Timers. Made him. Took him everywhere I went. And allowed him to be able to continue to participate. Warren Duvall: Right, be active. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, and so, I was always so impressed with that. Could you maybe speak to that? Why did you feel that was important? Warren Duvall: Well, when I came back, I initially called him and he was okay then and then COVID came along and I didn't, basically, I only had one friend that we spent, you know, in contact and together but I didn't really call anybody during that first year or so. And so, when I called him back after COVID, I left a message and then I got a message from him and he seemed very excited to talk to me, you know. When I got the message, I called him back and he proceeded to tell me that he had had this, as David said, I 27 �drank a quarter of wine one night and went to bed and the next morning, I couldn't get out of bed. Couldn't do anything. And he thought it was all to do with the quart of wine. And I said, well, that and many others helped you get to where you are now. But he told me that the doctors had told him that he had Alzheimer's, dementia, Alzheimer's is another form of dementia. But they specifically said, I, observing him in the beginning, I didn't really think he had, because it gets misdiagnosed a lot, Alzheimer's gets diagnosed when somebody's got another form of dementia. He could no longer drive, he couldn't even ride a bicycle, and he had limitations, but he still had a brain, and he walked daily, walked with his dogs, and then he lost a dog, and he walked with his other dog. So he was just at home all the time, Al's working, so he's, you know, and he can't go places because he can't drive anymore. So I started taking him with me and coming down here and we joined up. I was getting ready to join when COVID came along and he didn't join. After it became where we could get out and get around again is when I came down and joined and brought David down. So I took him to all the meetings and I took him out to eat a lot. I took him down all the trips that I would take down to the farm and had a couple of doctors down in the Fort Smith area that I like so well, like my dermatologist. I go down there. Toby Jenkins: So you kept him active. Warren Duvall: So I kept him busy, and, you know, that was good for me too, because I had not made really good contact with my old friends. I don't know if they're all dead or moved away or what, but I just haven't been able to, just, besides David and Al, there's only one other couple that I've had anything to do with and they seem to be content with retiring and sitting at home. Toby Jenkins: And recently, we lost David. He died. And, um... Warren Duvall: Within the past year, he'd gotten to the point that he really couldn't communicate. You could talk to him and he might, you might ask him something and he would answer you or tell you that he didn't know. Toby Jenkins: So I've always been grateful that you kept him involved. Warren Duvall: As long as I could to keep him involved. Toby Jenkins: I just wonder, as we finish up, this will be my last question for you. You've lived a long life. You've served your country. You've had an active career. You've lived in multiple places. You saw the world. You've lived in other countries. Warren Duvall: Been to the gay games. Toby Jenkins: Yeah, so, which is like the gay Olympics. But you saw things change over the last 30 or 40 years. Do you have a message for younger people or people who come after us? Do you have a message for the future? 28 �Warren Duvall: Be active as you can. Be aware that the political situation in this country is bad and gonna get worse for the LGBTQ group. I mean, they've already singled out the trans, you know. That's just the first step. If the public doesn't succeed in getting this group out of the White House and the Senate and Congress and the judges, I mean, it's just, never in my life would I ever assume that that would happen in the United States. It just never entered my mind. It concerns me greatly. So my advice is you fight it and you fight it and you never give up. Never give up. For many of us, it took a lot to come out and it was a lot. Some gay people knew all their life that they were gay. Now, I can look back and know that I always was, but I didn't know that. I didn't know what gay was for many years. Probably first started getting some conception of it in high school. I remember this group of future farmers. We'd gone into Fort Smith. We were probably trying to do some fundraisings or something. And this one guy, I don't know how they got on the subject, blowjobs, this one guy. He said, well, you know, these homosexuals, and he probably said faggots. He says, you know, their sexual organs are in their throat and that's why they blow each other on that. And I'm like, oh my God. He was a weird son of a bitch. Toby Jenkins: But that's the homophobic culture we live in. Warren Duvall: My first thought was, the sexual organs in my throat? Toby Jenkins: Well, this has been very helpful and very informative. And thank you so much for your service. Warren Duvall: And I have one other person I want to talk about briefly. Bart Elwell. He's a guy about my size. Pretty bald, wore a beard a lot. He had a degree in clothing design. He specialized initially in children's clothing. He was from the Oklahoma City area. He grew up in Moore. And I met him much later in life. This is after Roger and I had split up. And I'd seen him at the Silver Star dancing. He was a good dancer. But anyway, I met him again when we were forming the Driller Bears. He came to that, and we started talking, and getting acquainted, and became really close friends. And he came down with HIV late. I mean, he came down with two, three years after we'd gotten acquainted and been really good friends. So eventually, he came down with it. And I won't go into any detail. And just that he became positive. He worked just all kinds of fabric. And he never could get after his initial job. He came to town for this little children's clothing factory. That's how he came here. And then it got closed down, and couldn't compete with the international market, I guess. But we became closer and closer. He's the only one that would come down and spend the weekend with me, all the 13 years I was on the farm, after the initial guys came down the first couple weeks I was there. But he started, oh, about my last two or three years on the farm. So prior to October of 1919, he was a Christmas baby. My dad was born on Christmas Eve, and I was born on December 20th. And my half-brother was born on December 10th, I think. Lots of friends and had other friends and family that were December babies. 29 �I tried to get in contact with him over the Christmas holidays and didn't hear from him. Sent him a birthday card, didn't hear from him. And so finally, I got a call from him. I think it was probably early January of, I don't know how many years ago that was, about four or five. Anyway, he proceeded to tell me, oh, last year that I would come up and I'd go out to lunch with him, he kept complaining about stomach problems. He couldn't keep food down. He couldn't eat, but just a little bit, blah, blah, blah. And this went on, and they did tests on him and everything. And finally, they told him on Christmas Eve of that year, I'll say 2020, I'm trying to think, was that before? No, he died before I moved up here, I think, the disease was pancreatic cancer. Well, by the time they diagnosed it, it was almost already stage four. From the time he called me after, I didn't hear him remember the Christmas holiday, they told him the day before Christmas that he had it. So he went down to his family for Christmas Day to tell them that he had pancreatic cancer. But anyway, he went down like a rock. The time he called me and the time I came up the very next time, he was just, when I went to pick him up, he was just skin and bones. Didn't have a hair on his head because he was in chemo and everything. He didn't have a hair on his body. Wasn't very hairy anyway, he had a nice beard. But I wouldn't have known him. You know, you could have told me he's gonna be coming down the sidewalk here in 30 minutes and he could have walked right by me and I wouldn't have known it was him. That's how much he was just skin and bones. And he had a long-term relationship lover who was also HIV positive from down in the Dallas metro area. They were together, that long distance relationship for about the last four or five years of his life or more, maybe. But anyway, it was just a shock Okay, so he was never financially real secure because of his career and trying to stay in and so forth. But anyway, he wound up kind of being the office manager of an independent children's clothing store that was out at 81st and Harvard in that little shopping center and it's on the southwest corner. So he worked there the last few years. He gave me this picture of a cowboy that he had picked up at a garage sale or something and it was in this horrible frame. And this cowboy's bare-chested. He's got his saddle over his shoulder. Really good picture, watercolor. He said, I want you to have this because I know you'll do something good with it. So it's a great picture. I had it professionally framed and everything. Spent $300 just getting it framed. I was gonna take it to him so he could see what I did with it one weekend. And then I had to back out. The next weekend, by the time we got there, his lover had called me to say he had died. I hated it he never got to see it because he would have been so happy and proud that he gave that to me. Toby Jenkins: And that beautiful story is a reminder…. Warren Duvall: One of my very best friends ever and I've had lots of good friends over the years. Toby Jenkins: We can't delay, we can't put off. We gotta seize the moment and see the moment. All right. Warren Duvall: Tomorrow may be too late. 30 �Toby Jenkins: Well, thank you so much. Warren Duvall: Thank you. Toby Jenkins: This has been beautiful. We've covered areas that we've never covered. We talked about things that I don't think we've ever talked about in any other interviews. Warren Duvall: I could talk to you for two weeks. Warren Duvall: I mean, I've had an interesting life and amazing experience. Today I came through it. Toby Jenkins: This has been Warren Duvall on February the 10th, 2026. Warren Duvall: Thank you very much. Toby Jenkins: Thank you. Addendum: 1989 Follies Review Cast. Follies was a fundraiser for AIDS Programs. Warren is second from the right. 31 � Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Series] Oral Histories Project > Interviews Description An account of the resource Physical Media: Box 7, Folder 7 - Dr. Leisa Meyer Program Box 7, Folder 8 - Interviewees Materials, Original Series 2003-2007 Digital Media: Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2026] Warren Duvall Interview Subject The topic of the resource Warren Duvall Oral History Project Interview from February 10, 2026 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Warren Duvall, Toby Jenkins, Dennis Neill Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource February 10, 2026 Description An account of the resource This interview with Warren explores his life story, from growing up on a family farm in Oklahoma to his military service and his journey as a gay man. Warren shares personal insights into his experiences with sexuality, military service during Vietnam, and navigating life in Oklahoma and Florida. This interview provides a deep insight into the life experiences of a long-time LGBTQ+ community member, covering personal stories, community involvement, and the evolution of LGBTQ+ rights and health issues over decades. Video available for on-site research at the Dennis R. 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Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Newspaper article Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2001] Gay pride week events kick off today Subject The topic of the resource Pride 2001 Description An account of the resource List of events planned for Tulsa Pride 2001: TOHR Follies 2001,Tulsa Interfaith Service, Council Oak Men's Chorale concert, Family law panel, Embracing Art exhibit and artists' reception, GLBT Film Festival, TOHR Diversity Gala, Pride parade, GLBT Festival. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource World's own Service Tulsa World Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tulsa World Publisher An entity responsible for making the resource available Tulsa World Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource June 2, 2001 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource World's own Service Tulsa World Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource Printout of digital edition of newspaper article Roughly 8.5x11' 1 page Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Newspaper article Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Tulsa World, February 10, 2004 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tulsa Pride 2001, Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights, TOHR Follies, interfaith services, Council Oak Men’s Chorale, Diversity Gala, GLBT Festival, Pride parade, family law, Embracing Art, GLBT Film Festival https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/aaf293be36366382f7b6470177d20839.JPG acb391b8611ffb651db817fc284e1ddf Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Photograph Physical Dimensions The actual physical size of the original image 2592x1728 pixels Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2006] All Souls Unitarian Float Subject The topic of the resource Pride 2006 Description An account of the resource Photo of All Souls Unitarian Church's float in Tulsa's 2006 Pride parade. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2006 Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource Dennis Neal Format The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource JPG file 2592x1728 pixels Language A language of the resource English Type The nature or genre of the resource Photograph Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights All Souls Unitarian Church Tulsa, Oklahoma https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/4b509a5e5c96b66515bd3f4e7d5ee481.png 1b05abc708a4a80f87885238c4126ea0 https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/9561ed775cc4c3157b61bfde4673943f.mp4 488bb5a1256b6dd5cacb20c65ea00927 Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. 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Title A name given to the resource [2008] Gala Lifetime Achievement Award 2008, Charles Faudree Subject The topic of the resource Lifetime Achievement Award 2008 2008 Gala Charles Faudree Francie Faudree Lifetime Achievement Award https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/603a4df54dc858f3d372549522cfea42.png 6ac167f4f345e0970d139fbe0c931f48 https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/d7ed3a5c4f55fd6d78a952d447288344.mp4 d014f718aa2ced01611f3abd26e4f86a https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/6d4a76c28a29dca0b979f21c1c45fb55.mp4 d014f718aa2ced01611f3abd26e4f86a Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data MP4 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 3 minutes 21 seconds Compression Type/rate of compression for moving image file (i.e. MPEG-4) MP4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2019] Gala Rev. Russell Bennett Spiritual Inclusion Award Subject The topic of the resource Aliye Shimi Description An account of the resource Aliye Shimi is the Executive Director of Tulsa Metropolitan Ministry and one of the founders of Muslims for Mercy, a progressive charitable organization where Tulsa Muslims serve the community including providing turkey for the Equality Center's annual Thanksgiving Dinner. Aliye helped organize a vigil after the Pulse Nightclub Shootings and invited the LGBTQ community to the Mosque for dinner. 2019 Gala Aliye Shimi Rev. Russell Bennett Spiritual Inclusion Award https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/85e50f644e51a5f46d7dc4479d14013a.MP4 1067c1d530df7cc54d354520a077e72c https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/90c66d6627dcb3a0b2fccd7c1b7c5b6a.png 59226535c7f2c83bf65bd2eb42dab09b Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2019] Pride promotional video Subject The topic of the resource 2019 Pride https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/172474dc98cbdec88415f9a6611d8534.png 59226535c7f2c83bf65bd2eb42dab09b https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/76eb8c49fc2e7240c6ef0cf72a40ab75.MP4 1067c1d530df7cc54d354520a077e72c Moving Image A series of visual representations imparting an impression of motion when shown in succession. Examples include animations, movies, television programs, videos, zoetropes, or visual output from a simulation. Original Format The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data Video iPhone8 Duration Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.) 2 minutes 2 seconds Compression Type/rate of compression for moving image file (i.e. MPEG-4) MP4 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2019] Pride Promotional Video https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/9853bef43bb6b482ff400a5faf7d3e4f.png 118e8c6cdb5a4626a32b730142f291b4 https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/075bf100c12ced7bc8ebc500ef0f4ccd.mp4 1e6f4d172a49b3b885182a94da187fb6 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [Sub-Series] OKEQ > Events > Follies Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2000] TOHR Follies Time Worp with the Cast of Helga's Horribles Description An account of the resource Fundraiser for Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights 2000 TOHR Follies Fundraiser https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/82c9bde7fc1405437f839caf5fe15330.jpg f159bc7815b49e677f69f2980326b23c https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/f59e3ec865be443e9998aa87e67e2a10.pdf 7b404330d41ba274da7953374520d6b9 PDF Text Text Helping Donors Assist Tulsa Area Nonprofits That Are Committed to Diversity Every day, the LGBT community and its allies support causes and organizations in Tulsa that affect everyone's quality of life. Because there has been no way of identifying money coming from these committed community members, this philanthropy has been, to some extent, "invisible." In 2003, a group of Tulsa, Oklahoma citizens formed the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa as a donor-advised fund of the Tulsa Community Foundation. The Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa is committed to making visible the philanthropic contributions of the LGBT and allied community to Tulsa. The Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa will consolidate and brand money given locally by the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) community and their allies. These funds and certain matching funds from the Gill Foundation will provide an important source of grants to issues we all care about; helping children and the aged, eliminating disease, feeding the homeless and promoting equal opportunity for everyone. It will also provide incentive for organizations to examine and update their employment practices to ensure that they provide equal opportunity to all, regardless of their sexual orientation. Organizations that receive grants from the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa must have an employment nondiscrimination policy that includes sexual orientation and must recognize the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa as the grant source. This effort is modeled after the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Colorado, a fund of the Gill Foundation, which since 1996 has given millions of dollars to nonprofits on behalf of the gay and lesbian community in Colorado. We are proud to be an affiliated program with the Gill Foundation and very much appreciate their willingness to provide matching dollars, which will increase the giving ability of the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa. If you are interested in making a tax-deductible contribution to the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa, please see our website at www.gayandlesbianfund.org (click on Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa or contact the Tulsa Community Foundation, (918) 494-8823. If your nonprofit is interested in applying for funds or wishes to have assistance on revising your policies and procedures to include sexual orientation in order to be eligible to receive funding, please contact us at tulsa@gayandlesbianfund.org. You may also call the Tulsa Community Foundation at (918) 494-8823 and they can help direct you to more information. The mission of the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa is to support effective Tulsa nonprofits which practice diversity in their policies and workplace while building public awareness of the contributions that the LGBT community and their friends, family and other allies make to improve the quality of life in the Tulsa area. �How can you make a positive impact through the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa? • Create Positive Visibility Are the words “gay & lesbian” being heard openly in Tulsa? Having members of our community hear the words “gay and lesbian” in a positive and non-politicized context can be an effective means of normalizing and building awareness. To create positive visibility consider… ü Sponsorship of highly visible events, particularly ones that provide donor recognition visibility to moderate and conservative members of the community. ü Underwriting of public television or radio programs. This is the #1 source of name recognition for the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Colorado. • Increase Equitable Employment Policies By requiring that nonprofits have an employment non-discrimination policy that includes sexual orientation, funding provides an incentive for Tulsa nonprofits to adopt more equitable and inclusive policies. It is also important education, as many mistakenly think that current laws protect gay men and lesbians from employment discrimination. To increase equitable employment policies consider… ü Support for key Tulsa area nonprofits that do not currently have equitable employment policies ü Support for large Tulsa nonprofit organizations with a significant number of employees. ü Support for local chapters of national nonprofit organizations that can contribute to momentum for national policy change. ü Support for nonprofits whose boards of directors include prominent business owners and leaders. • Build Social Justice Alliances The Tulsa LGBT community shares social justice concerns with other marginalized groups. What a great way to support and remind those communities of our shared challenges and to build those relationships. It is easier to ask for support of LGBT families and civil rights when we are reaching out to support other communities and their civil rights. And, as we promote justice for other populations, we raise the commitment of the whole community to equality for everyone. To build social justice alliances consider… ü Support for nonprofits serving People of Color, women, and the disabled. ü Support for programs advancing social justice and civic participation for allied constituents. • Challenge Public Perceptions and Stereotypes What do gay men and lesbians care about? By visibly supporting valued mainstream nonprofits, the community is challenged to recognize that we all care about the same things. Particularly when those contributions go to organizations that clash with negative stereotypes, it can provide a “learning moment”. To challenge public perceptions and stereotypes consider… ü Support for nonprofits or issues that are considered moderate or conservative. ü Support that directly contradicts negative stereotypes, such as supporting organizations serving children, families and the faith community. �• Leverage Community Allies Seeing well-known and well-respected Tulsa nonprofits and their leaders modeling comfort and appreciation for their gay and lesbian donors can be very influential. Community partners give a “seal of approval” with their acknowledgment of support from the Gay & Lesbian Fund. There is a sense that “If the American Red Cross and Boys & Girls Club feel comfortable accepting and acknowledging contributions from the gay and lesbian community, it must be OK.” To leverage community allies consider… ü Support for nonprofits that are influential and well respected in the Tulsa community. ü Support for nonprofits that are considered “mainstream” and not typically associated with gay issues. ü Support that provides donor recognition opportunities linking your Gay & Lesbian Fund with influential allies and leaders, such as an on-stage “thanks” from organizational leaders where they will model their comfort and support in front of community members. • Influence Specific Issues When specific gay and lesbian issues are in the news and before the Tulsa public, Gay & Lesbian Fund support can focus attention and influence attitudes on these issues. Positive exposure to LGBT contributions can influence public perception, opinion and support. To influence specific issues consider… ü Support for Tulsa nonprofits strengthening marriage and families ü Support for Tulsa nonprofits promoting employment equality. ü Support for organizations or events that expose policy makers to LGBT support. ü Support for issues of concern and debate in Tulsa. • Build a Sense of Reciprocity While LGBT donors give up to 50% of their charitable dollars to non-LGBT programs that benefit the whole community, few straight donors contribute to LGBT organizations. Are there significant and influential donors in your community who might be influenced to contribute to LGBT causes if the contributions of the LGBT community to their causes were made visible? Would organizations like your local United Way include LGBT organizations or programs if they were aware of the valuable contributions LGBT donors are making to their fundraising? To build a sense of reciprocity consider… ü Support for causes and nonprofits valued by Tulsa donors who might reciprocate by supporting LGBT causes and organizations. ü Support for Tulsa events or organizations that contribute to multiple causes, when LGBT organizations or causes are included. • Enhance the quality of life in your community Underlying all the work of the Gay & Lesbian Fund is the commitment of LGBT donors to making a positive contribution for everyone in their community. These strategies should compliment sound philanthropic decision-making and considerations regarding the financial and administrative stability of nonprofits and their ability to achieve concrete positive results on issues of importance. �� https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/b278a1996d6bfedcc1b37101a80f4644.pdf a8c82c073e001794f5d9fde0e0210c7d PDF Text Text GnL Brochure 2006 11/8/06 10:24 AM Page 1 Make your contributions count twice Our goals Making a difference in Tulsa while highlighting the important contributions of the Gay, Lesbian and Allied Communities • Create positive visibility • Increase equitable employment policies • Build social justice alliances • Challenge public perceptions • Leverage community allies • Influence specific issues • Build a sense of reciprocity • Enhance our quality of life For more information: www.gayandlesbianfundfortulsa.org Email: info@gayandlesbianfundfortulsa.org Or call the Tulsa Community Foundation 918-494-8823 © Copyright 2006. Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10.04 Making a difference in Tulsa while highlighting the important contributions of the Gay, Lesbian and Allied Communities �GnL Brochure 2006 11/8/06 10:24 AM Page 2 Support Tulsa non-profit organizations while promoting equality and inclusiveness The gay, lesbian and allied communities, along with their family and friends, are generous contributors to and supporters of the Tulsa community. Their efforts to improve the quality of life for Tulsa’s citizens include supporting non-profit organizations that are focused on eliminating diseases, helping our youth and our seniors citizens, feeding the homeless, and improving the arts. However, these significant contributions are often overlooked or go unrecognized. The Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa (GLFT) was formed to increase the visibility of gay and lesbian philanthropy and promote equality and inclusiveness in the Tulsa community. By consolidating and branding tax-deductible contributions we can leverage and direct them to Tulsa non-profit organizations that embrace diversity through their outreach programs and promote equality in the workplace. Organizations receiving grants through the GLFT are required to have a non-discrimination policy which includes sexual orientation and credit the GLFT as the grant source. If you support quality non-profits in the Tulsa area, consider giving your tax-deductible contri-butions through the GLFT. You will be able to specifically direct your funds to any of the pre-screened Tulsa Area Non-Profits, ensuring that your contributions are going to agencies which support diversity in their policies and outreach. Your donation may be matched at a certain level by other financial sources which means a larger contribution to your designated agency. Make donation payable to: Tulsa Community Foundation/ Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa. ❑ Enclosed check for $ ❑ Pledge amount for $ ❑ Monthly ❑ Quarterly ❑ Annually ❑ Please designate my gift to benefit non-profit non-profit ❑ I understand contributions are given in the name of the “Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa.” I would like individual recognition. ❑ Please send me more information. Name Street Address A good number of non-profit organizations in the Tulsa Area have added Sexual Orientation to their non-discrimination policies. Please support these progressive organizations with tax-deductible contributions in the name of the GLFT. Just clip and fill out the donation slip on the next panel. Thank you for helping us make Tulsa a better place for everyone! City State Zip Phone eMail Send completed form with donation to: Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa c/o Tulsa Community Foundation 7020 S. Yale, Suite 220 Tulsa, OK 74136 � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/9b29596622803181e7245397f33f1529.pdf 107b76759bbe709024fb2c018d913e29 PDF Text Text Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2004 by Dennis Neill �� https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/7c3d3d3305927e2260f16bac30efcbf8.pdf 521c4cfab4a6a350d4da8f5df412086a PDF Text Text Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa – Grants Funded 2004-2009 Last Updated: November 3, 2009 All Souls Unitarian Church Community Outreach Programs Alzheimer’s Association of OK and AR American Red Cross – Tulsa Chapter Arthritis Foundation Arts & Humanities Council Big Brothers & Sisters of Green Country, Inc. Campfire USA, Green Country Council Child Abuse Network Clarehouse College Hill Presbyterian Church Community Action Project Community Food Bank of Eastern Oklahoma Community Service Council Diversity Arts Association Domestic Violence Intervention Service Emergency Infant Services, Inc. Family & Children's Services Fellowship Congregational Church Gilcrease Museum Association Girl Scouts of Magic Empire Council Greenwood Jazz and Blues Festival HOPE Testing Clinic Iron Gate at Trinity Komen Foundation - Race for the Cure League of Women Voters LIFE Senior Services Light Opera of Oklahoma Maple Ridge Park Endowment Fund Mental Health Association of Tulsa Midwestern Theater (Nightingale Theater) National Conference of Community and Justice Oklahoma Center for Community & Justice Oklahoma State University Foundation Oklahomans for Equality Open Arms Youth Project Parent Child Center of Tulsa Parents, Family, Friends of Lesbians and Gays Philbrook Museum of Art Planned Parenthood of Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma Preservation Oklahoma Regional AIDS Intercommunity Network Resonance, Center for Women Route 66 Marathon Retired Senior Volunteer Program 12 & 12 Tulsa AIDS Walk Tulsa Area United Way Tulsa CARES Tulsa Community AIDS Partnership Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless �Tulsa Foundation for Architecture Tulsa Global Alliance Tulsa Historical Society Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Tulsa Opera Tulsa Reaches Out Tulsa Street School Tulsa University – BLGTA Student Organization Tulsa Symphony Orchestra Visiting Nurse Association of Tulsa Vocal Pride Foundation YWCA Youth Services of Tulsa � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/7bd1861a55870d4fc14ae88937aa5f82.pdf 1fcd4e36807c42c14ae5dd48ba6259d1 PDF Text Text Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa Employment Non-Discrimination Policy Requirements and Samples Nonprofits eligible to receive funding through the Gay and Lesbian fund for Tulsa must provide a copy of their official employment non-discrimination policy that includes “sexual orientation” (required) and “gender identity and expression” (recommended). The required wording may be inserted into your existing employment non-discrimination policy, or a sample policy is provided below. Sample Employment Non-Discrimination Policy [Organization’s name] provides equal employment opportunity. [Organization’s name] does not discriminate against any individual in the terms or conditions of employment on the basis of race, color, nation or ethnic origin, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and expression, physical or mental disability, marital or family status, military or veterans status, or any other basis made unlawful by applicable federal, state, or local laws or regulations. This policy applies to all aspects of the application process and employment relationships, including recruitment, application, hiring, compensation, benefits, training, job assignments, transfers, performance evaluation, promotions, layoffs and terminations. This policy also applies to relationships with outside vendors and customers, use of contractors and consultants, volunteers and clients, and in dealing with the general public. The following examples are sufficient to document the official employment non-discrimination policy of your organization. 1. Copy of policy text is in organization's by-laws, employee manual, or other official source. Please include copy of relevant page(s), highlight the policy text and reference the source and date of passage. 2. Policy text on organization's letterhead, signed and dated by Chair of the Board of Directors 3. Policy text on organization’s letterhead with statement of approval, such as "unanimously approved by Board of Directors on month, day, 20xx." 4. Minutes of Board of Directors meeting during which the policy was approved. (Be sure the complete text of the policy is included in minutes, or attach complete policy.) � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/efefbe23be9a2a2c50cd31ebfb458d6b.pdf a5537980804d9ec41253ffbab37708a5 PDF Text Text Frequently Asked Questions - Non-Discrimination Policy Requirement The Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa requires organizations to have an employment nondiscrimination policy that specifically includes “sexual orientation” (required) and “gender identity and expression” (recommended) in order to be eligible for funding. This will help to explain why we have such a requirement and why it is necessary to include this specific language. Q: Why does the Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa require an employment nondiscrimination policy? A: The founders and donors of the Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa include gay men, lesbians, their families and allies. We have made the decision not to provide funds to organizations who do not extend employment protection to their gay and lesbian employees. It also allows us to educate local nonprofits and the public on the need and importance of employment protection for this group of employees. Q: Why do we need a formal policy? Isn’t it enough that we don’t practice discrimination based on sexual orientation? Q: Why does our non-discrimination policy need to specifically list “sexual orientation” and “gender identity and expression”? A: Many people are surprised to learn that gay men and lesbians are not protected by current federal employment non-discrimination laws. While a few states have passed their own employment protections, in 36 states including Oklahoma, it is legal to deny employment or to fire an employee based only on their sexual orientation. Only 9 states provide employment protection based on gender identity and expression. The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 established nine protected classes: race, religion, creed, color, national origin, ancestry, sex, marital status, and familial status. The 1990 Americans with Disability Act extended protection to persons with physical or mental disabilities and the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 added age to the list of protected classes. The only legal protection available to gay, lesbian and transgender employees is for employers to specifically list “sexual orientation” and “gender identity and expression” in their employment non-discrimination policies. Q: Can’t we just pass a policy stating that we don’t discriminate against anyone? Do we have to include a long list of all the groups that the non-discrimination policy applies to? A: Although this is an appealing notion, a general policy stating that you do not discriminate has no legal significance. �The term “discrimination” is often misunderstood. A dictionary defines “discrimination” as “to draw distinctions, distinguish from or between.” In this ordinary sense, all organizations discriminate, because all organizations need to draw important and valid distinctions between current and potential employees based on their qualifications, skills and performance. We all might agree that it is appropriate for a child-serving organization to discriminate, i.e.: draw valid distinctions in hiring, against persons with substance abuse or criminal histories. In a legal sense, discrimination has a different meaning. “Discrimination” in law refers to drawing invalid distinctions based on established legal classes. The case above, in which the organization might refuse to hire, or fire an employee, based on substance abuse is not “discrimination” in the legal sense, because substance abuse is an appropriate distinction for purposes of employment. In the same way, under current law, employment decisions based on sexual orientation or gender identity and expression are not legally “discrimination” because these are not established by law as protected classes. It is perfectly legal to fire an individual based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. Only by specifying “sexual orientation” and “gender identity and expression” in the employment policy, can organizations extend legal protection to all their employees. Over 3,000 organizations, including 88% of Fortune 500 companies have taken this step to ensure equal employment opportunities for all their employees. � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/2d6757b03dfa71c15e256fbf70ce3904.pdf 6a78f2698efa7daa39e01b827db549f5 PDF Text Text March 20, 2004 Dear Tulsa Community Donor Recently, four of us in Tulsa (Nancy McDonald, Mona Pittenger, Doug Campbell, and Dennis Neill) established the Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa with the Tulsa Community Foundation. As more fully explained in the attached copy of our Web site (www.gayandlesbianfund.org/tulsa), our mission is “to support effective Tulsa area nonprofits which practice diversity in their policies and workplace while building public awareness of the contributions that the LGBT community and their friends, family and other allies make to improve the quality of life in the Tulsa area.” Our goal is not to ask you to contribute more to Tulsa area non-profits, but to consider directing some of your charitable giving thru the Fund, with the following benefits: • • • Branding dollars as coming from the LGBT community and their allies Encouraging non-profits to include sexual orientation in their non-discrimination policies and procedures. Enhancing the level of local giving with the possibility of matching some of our giving with dollars from the Gill Foundation of Colorado. The Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa has been working to encourage non-profits to add Sexual Orientation to their non-discrimination policies. To date, some 35 Tulsa area non-profits have indicated that they have such policies or are working to do so. We have already sponsored events with 5 non-profits. The Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa has been recognized in their programs and other appropriate publicity. We hope to support many other non-profits through grants for events, programs and capital campaigns. To do so, we need you to consider re-channeling some of your giving through the Fund. This will allow us to encourage non-profits to recognize diversity and maximize the dollars available through the Gill Foundation matching program. To learn more about the purpose of this Fund and the benefits to the local non-profit community and you, we would like to invite you to a casual continental breakfast on March 31st. Our special guest will be Jan Brennan, Executive Director of the Gay and Lesbian Fund for Colorado which is affiliated with the Gill Foundation. She will explain the enormous success of this fund over the last 5 years in the Colorado nonprofit funding area and we will discuss the local Fund and answer questions. Date: Wednesday, March 31 Time: 8 am Place: 2nd Floor of the Ambassador Hotel, 14th and Main, Tulsa – Continental Breakfast To RSVP: Please call Dennis Neill, 743-4354, email dneill@cox.net or Tulsa@gayandlesbianfund.org We hope you can join us on March 31. Also, if you know of others who may be interested in this program, please feel free to contact us and we will make sure and extend an invitation. Sincerely, Nancy McDonald, Mona Pittenger, Doug Campbell, Dennis Neill � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/2395228fb9640a3506e2e8e51357e210.pdf fdc3c3759eff1b688118986b9745c8b4 PDF Text Text The Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa Cordially invites you for Wine and Cheese Thursday, October 28, 2004 5:00 – 7:00 p.m. Harwelden 2210 South Main Hosts: Joe and Nancy McDonald, Dennis Neill, Mona Pittenger, Doug Campbell, Kelly Kirby and Charles Johnston. Please join us to thank the individuals who have made taxdeductible contributions through the Fund this first year. With the additional support of the Gill Foundation, we have provided grants totaling nearly $100,000 to twenty-four non-profits in the Tulsa community that support diversity in their workplace. If you have not yet contributed to your favorite non-profits through the Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa, come learn how the Fund is making a difference in the Tulsa Community and how YOU can be a part of this exciting partnership with the Gill Foundation and the Tulsa Community Foundation. Regrets: Nancy McDonald - 742-8565 � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/63648a70c80ef2093a0e680af10c418f.pdf 9e0af04c3ffa788b79b30b19372a2b34 PDF Text Text �� https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/15214bdb678ddf47535e0abf37fd1054.pdf 0c354ea76e62488b4c9578b75076eca2 PDF Text Text GNL.OperaAD.F 10/16/07 3:59 PM Page 1 Congratulations toTulsa Opera for 60Years of World-Class Entertainment. The Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa provides grants to support the efforts of nonprofits in our community which embrace diversity in their workplace and outreach. With tax-deductible contributions provided by a cross-section of our donor community, the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa highlights the contributions made by gay men, lesbians, their family and friends to the Tulsa Community. Making a Difference in Tulsa while highlighting the important contributions of the Gay, Lesbian and Allied Communities. For more information: www.gayandlesbianfundfortulsa.org Email: info@gayandlesbianfundfortulsa.org Or call the Tulsa Community Foundation, 918-494-8823. � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/aa887d7687c425f17a524064a46cab7a.pdf 06ff5f0527299d789e143e0ab3a5032d PDF Text Text �� https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/57eea6019f4e2becce8ce53f2bdc0b18.pdf da4490c00d6974a7234d1c75a6a212f5 PDF Text Text Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa Grants/Payments By Year Year 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Scheduled 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Year Number of Grants Total Grant Amounts 2004 38 $69,125.00 2005 41 $87,550.00 2006 33 $43,000.00 2007 29 $36,900.00 2008 26 $31,200.00 2009 18 $40,100.00 185 $307,875.00 Scheduled Amount $500.00 $500.00 Paid 38 40 32 28 26 17 181 Paid Amount $69,125.00 $87,550.00 $43,000.00 $36,900.00 $31,200.00 $39,600.00 $307,375.00 Void 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Void Amount Grant Number Recipient Fund Grant Date Grant Am 2362:LJ-7 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/12/2004 $2, 2641:LJ-7 All Souls Unitarian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/23/2004 $ 2686:LJ-7 LIFE Senior Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/10/2004 $1, 2747:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/24/2004 $1, 2748:LJ-7 National Conference on Community & Justi Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/24/2004 $1, 2805:LJ-7 Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/21/2004 $1, 2818:LJ-7 Youth Services of Tulsa, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/28/2004 $2, 2971:LJ-7 League of Women Voters of Metro Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/13/2004 $1, 2972:LJ-7 DVIS Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/13/2004 $1, 2973:LJ-7 Light Opera Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/13/2004 $3, 2974:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/13/2004 $ 3002:LJ-7 All Souls Unitarian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/2/2004 $10, 3018:LJ-7 National Conference for Community/Justice Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/7/2004 $2, 3082:LJ-7 Family & Children's Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/17/2004 $2, 3093:LJ-7 Community Action Project of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/21/2004 $1, 3181:LJ-7 Planned Parenthood Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/23/2004 $5, 3185:LJ-7 Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Fdn., Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/23/2004 $5, 3275:LJ-7 RAIN Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/22/2004 $ 3276:LJ-7 Tulsa Community Aids Partnership Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/22/2004 $ 3277:LJ-7 Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Fdn., Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/22/2004 $5, 3278:LJ-7 Child Abuse Network Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/22/2004 $ 3279:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/22/2004 $1, �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3285:LJ-7 Arts & Humanities Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/24/2004 $1, 3355:LJ-7 Tulsa Global Alliance Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/18/2004 $1, 3370:LJ-7 Harwelden Arts & Humanities Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/27/2004 $ 3371:LJ-7 Community Food Bank of Eastern Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/27/2004 $2, 3372:LJ-7 Tulsa Oklahomans for Human Rights Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/27/2004 $ 3395:LJ-7 Council Oak Men's Chorale Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/15/2004 $1, 3396:LJ-7 Philbrook Museum of Art Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/15/2004 $3, 3424:LJ-7 LIFE Senior Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/13/2004 $1, 3425:LJ-7 Open Arms Youth Project Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/13/2004 $ 3474:LJ-7 Camp Fire USA Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/17/2004 $ 3492:LJ-7 Midwestern Theater/Nightingale Theater Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2004 $ 3501:LJ-7 12 & 12, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2004 $1, 3502:LJ-7 Arthritis Foundation Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2004 $1, 3503:LJ-7 Community Service Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2004 $2, 3504:LJ-7 League of Women Voters Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2004 $1, 3505:LJ-7 Preservation Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2004 $ 3596:LJ-7 All Souls Unitarian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/19/2005 $3, 3597:LJ-7 Parent Child Center of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/19/2005 3604:LJ-7 Parent Child Center of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/24/2005 $10, 3607:LJ-7 Youth Services of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/24/2005 $2, 3630:LJ-7 PFLAG, Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/4/2005 3631:LJ-7 ORCAR Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/4/2005 3632:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/4/2005 3920:LJ-7 Community Service Council - Greater Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/16/2005 3934:LJ-7 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/23/2005 3966:LJ-7 Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/9/2005 $1, 3967:LJ-7 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/9/2005 $10, 3995:LJ-7 Tulsa Foundation for Architecture Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/14/2005 $1, 4012:LJ-7 DVIS Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/23/2005 $1, 4192:LJ-7 Oklahoma State University Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/25/2005 $ 4193:LJ-7 Community Service Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/25/2005 $ 4194:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/25/2005 $1, 4195:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/25/2005 $ 4258:LJ-7 Arts & Humanities Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/9/2005 $2, 4259:LJ-7 PFLAG, Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/9/2005 $1, 4260:LJ-7 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/9/2005 $5, 4292:LJ-7 Light Opera Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/16/2005 $3, 4302:LJ-7 All Souls Unitarian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/18/2005 $5, 4303:LJ-7 Family & Children's Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/18/2005 $2, 4331:LJ-7 Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Fdn., Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/1/2005 $10, 4408:LJ-7 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/20/2005 $ 4522:LJ-7 HOPE Testing Clinic Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/25/2005 $1, 4523:LJ-7 Big Brothers & Sisters of Green Country Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/25/2005 4524:LJ-7 Planned Parenthood of Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/25/2005 $2, 4525:LJ-7 Greenwood Chamber of Commerce Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/25/2005 $5, 4526:LJ-7 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/25/2005 $ 4635:LJ-7 Philbrook Museum of Art Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 8/16/2005 $2, 4671:LJ-7 Regional AIDS Intercommunity Network (RAI Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/7/2005 $1, 4684:LJ-7 American Red Cross Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/7/2005 $ $1, $2, �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4685:LJ-7 Gilcrease Museum Association Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/7/2005 $1, 4686:LJ-7 Tulsa Aids Walk 4797:LJ-7 Tulsa Area United Way Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 9/7/2005 $ Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/5/2005 4798:LJ-7 $ YWCA Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/5/2005 $1, 4987:LJ-7 College Hill Presbyterian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/25/2005 $2, 5047:LJ-7 Arthritis Foundation Eastern Oklahoma Chapter Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/2/2005 $1, 5283:LJ-7 Community Service Council - Greater Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/13/2005 $2, 5453:LJ-7 Council Oak Chorale Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/28/2005 $1, 5689:LJ-7 Youth Services of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/30/2006 $2, 5696:LJ-7 YWCA Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/30/2006 $ 5903:LJ-7 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/8/2006 $10, 5904:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/8/2006 $1, 5905:LJ-7 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/8/2006 $2, 6251:LJ-7 Planned Parenthood of Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/14/2006 $1, 6252:LJ-7 All Souls Unitarian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/14/2006 $5, 6253:LJ-7 Parents, Families and Friends of Lesbians and Gays Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/14/2006 $1, 6513:LJ-7 Rizley Opera Education Endowment Fund Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/28/2006 6514:LJ-7 Light Opera Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/28/2006 6586:LJ-7 University of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6589:LJ-7 HOPE Testing Clinic Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $1, 6607:LJ-7 Camp Fire USA Green Country Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6608:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6609:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6610:LJ-7 Planned Parenthood of Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6611:LJ-7 RSVP Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6612:LJ-7 Tulsa Aids Walk Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/15/2006 $ 6799:LJ-7 Family & Children's Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/28/2006 $2, 6800:LJ-7 PFLAG, Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 6/28/2006 $ 7236:LJ-7 Arthritis Foundation Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2006 $1, 7237:LJ-7 Fellowship Congregational Church UCC Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2006 $ 7238:LJ-7 Gilcrease Museum Foundation Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2006 $1, 7239:LJ-7 PFLAG, Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2006 $ 7240:LJ-7 Tulsa Area United Way Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2006 $ 7241:LJ-7 YWCA Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2006 $ 7464:LJ-7 Regional AIDS Intercommunity Network (RAI Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/2/2006 $1, 7469:LJ-7 OCCJ Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/7/2006 $2, 7470:LJ-7 OCCJ Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/7/2006 $ 7477:LJ-7 Route 66 Marathon, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/9/2006 $1, 7478:LJ-7 Girl Scouts, Mid-Columbia Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/9/2006 $1, 7488:LJ-7 Route 66 Marathon, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/9/2006 7648:LJ-7 YWCA Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/6/2006 $1, 8118:LJ-7 Youth Services of Tulsa, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/12/2007 $2, 8119:LJ-7 Community Service Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/12/2007 $3, 8167:LJ-7 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/21/2007 $2, 8255:LJ-7 Association for Women in Communication Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/7/2007 $ 8256:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/7/2007 $ 8257:LJ-7 Route 66 Marathon, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/7/2007 $2, 8258:LJ-7 Family & Children's Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/7/2007 $2, 8330:LJ-7 Resonance Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/12/2007 $1, $ �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 8331:LJ-7 Retired Senior Volunteers Program Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/12/2007 $ 8452:LJ-7 Alzheimer's Association, Oklahoma/Arkansas Chapter Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/29/2007 $ 8740:LJ-7 Association for Women in Communication Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/11/2007 8741:LJ-7 Multiple Sclerosis Society Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/11/2007 $ 8765:LJ-7 Street School Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/11/2007 $1, 9162:LJ-7 Camp Fire USA Green Country Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/29/2007 $1, 9383:LJ-7 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/12/2007 $ 9384:LJ-7 HOPE Testing Clinic Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/12/2007 $1, 9626:LJ-7 Tulsa Symphony Orchestra Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 8/24/2007 $1, 9818:LJ-7 Community Service Council - Greater Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2007 $ 9819:LJ-7 Youth Services of Tulsa, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/3/2007 $ 9920:LJ-7 OCCJ Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/18/2007 $5, 9921:LJ-7 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/18/2007 $2, 10139:LJ-7 All Souls Unitarian Church Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $1, 10140:LJ-7 Planned Parenthood of Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $ 10141:LJ-7 LIFE Senior Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $ 10150:LJ-7 Community Service Council - Greater Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $1, 10151:LJ-7 Tulsa Area United Way Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $ 10152:LJ-7 YWCA of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $1, 10153:LJ-7 Vocal Pride Foundation Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/20/2007 $1, 10213:LJ-7 Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/30/2007 $ 10792:LJ-7 Thomas Gilcrease Museum Association Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/21/2008 $1, 11023:LJ-7 YWCA of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/14/2008 $ 11172:LJ-7 LIFE Senior Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $ 11173:LJ-7 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $1, 11174:LJ-7 Resonance Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $1, 11175:LJ-7 Retired Senior Volunteers Program Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $1, 11176:LJ-7 Alzheimer's Association, Oklahoma/Arkansas Chapter Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $1, 11177:LJ-7 Family & Children's Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $2, 11178:LJ-7 Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/6/2008 $ 12066:LJ-7 Street School Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/6/2008 $1, 12067:LJ-7 Girl Scouts Magic Empire Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/6/2008 $1, 12068:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/6/2008 $3, 12069:LJ-7 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/6/2008 $ 12070:LJ-7 Camp Fire USA Green Country Council Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/6/2008 $1, 12541:LJ-7 Oklahoma State University Foundation Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 7/14/2008 $2, 12775:LJ-7 HOPE Testing Clinic Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 8/14/2008 $1, 13322:LJ-7 Community Service Council - Greater Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/9/2008 $1, 13323:LJ-7 Planned Parenthood of Arkansas and Eastern Oklahoma, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/9/2008 $1, 13324:LJ-7 Community Service Council - Greater Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/9/2008 $ 13325:LJ-7 Tulsa Area United Way Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/9/2008 $ 13326:LJ-7 Vocal Pride Foundation Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/9/2008 $1, 13327:LJ-7 Oklahoma Center for Community and Justice Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/9/2008 $2, 13550:LJ-7 YWCA of Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/23/2008 $1, 13551:LJ-7 Clarehouse, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 10/23/2008 $1, DA-13613 Tulsa Historical Society Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 11/13/2008 $ DA-14401 Youth Services of Tulsa, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 12/23/2008 $3, DA-14654 Diversity Arts Association of Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 1/20/2009 $ DA-14724 LIFE Senior Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/3/2009 $ �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa DA-14725 Alzheimer's Association, Oklahoma/Arkansas Chapter Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/3/2009 $1, DA-14726 Family & Children's Services Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/3/2009 $1, DA-14727 Tulsa Opera, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/3/2009 $1, DA-14728 Street School, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/3/2009 $1, DA-14729 Tulsa Symphony Orchestra Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 2/3/2009 $1, DA-15006 Resonance Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/2/2009 $1, DA-15007 Tulsa CARES Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/2/2009 $2, DA-15076 Oklahomans for Equality Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/13/2009 $2, A-15142 Mental Health Association in Tulsa Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 3/23/2009 $ A-15640 Iron Gate at Trinity, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/20/2009 $10, A-15641 Emergency Infant Services, Inc. Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/20/2009 $10, DA-15711 Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP) Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/30/2009 $ DA-15712 Girl Scouts of Eastern Oklahoma Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/30/2009 $1, DA-15713 Philbrook Museum of Art Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/30/2009 $5, DA-15714 Open Arms Youth Project Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 4/30/2009 $ DA-15853 Tulsa Day Center for the Homeless Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa 5/19/2009 $ $307,87 �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa Refunds $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 Grant Amount $2,500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $1,500.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $500.00 $10,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $5,000.00 $750.00 $250.00 $5,000.00 $525.00 $1,000.00 �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa $1,750.00 $1,000.00 $350.00 $2,500.00 $750.00 $1,500.00 $3,000.00 $1,000.00 $250.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $500.00 $3,000.00 $0.00 $10,000.00 $2,500.00 $50.00 $50.00 $1,500.00 $50.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $10,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $250.00 $450.00 $1,000.00 $500.00 $2,000.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $3,000.00 $5,000.00 $2,500.00 $10,000.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 $2,500.00 $5,000.00 $200.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $250.00 �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa $1,500.00 $250.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,500.00 $2,500.00 $500.00 $10,000.00 $1,500.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 $500.00 $200.00 $1,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $600.00 $500.00 $2,500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $250.00 $1,500.00 $250.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $200.00 $1,500.00 $1,000.00 $0.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $3,000.00 $2,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $2,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa $650.00 $750.00 $0.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $750.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $5,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $250.00 $1,500.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $3,000.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $2,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,500.00 $1,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $200.00 $3,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 �Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $1,000.00 $2,500.00 $2,500.00 $500.00 $10,000.00 $10,000.00 $600.00 $1,000.00 $5,000.00 $500.00 $500.00 $307,875.00 � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/890ca6a6df17db9d63306edd2474cdec.pdf e8419727d3c83ced4986fbcd2f9984c0 PDF Text Text The Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa provides grants to support the efforts of nonprofits in our community which embrace diversity in their workplace and outreach. With tax-deductible contributions provided by a cross-section of our donor community, the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa highlights the contributions made by gay men, lesbians, their family and friends to the Tulsa Community. As a donor wishing to support a progressive and diverse community, consider giving some of your charitable contributions through the Gay & Lesbian Fund for Tulsa, a donor advised fund established with the Tulsa Community Foundation. Making a Difference in Tulsa while highlighting the important contributions of the Gay, Lesbian and Allied Communities. For more information: www.gayandlesbianfundfortulsa.org Email: info@gayandlesbianfundfortulsa.org Or call the Tulsa Community Foundation, 918-494-8823. � https://www.history.okeq.org/files/original/a0e9282686547586b605cb605e7f6ad2.jpg ed836dbaad8f3701d025ed9a5643a11e Still Image A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource [2003] Gay and Lesbian Fund For Tulsa Description An account of the resource In 2003, Dennis Neill attended the Gill Foundation's Outgiving Program. At the meeting Gill explained the use of a donor fund, the Colorado Gay & Lesbian Fund, to bring awareness to LGBTQ giving and ensure non-profits have appropriate non-discrimination policies. In 2004, Nancy and Joe McDonald, Mona Pittenger, Doug Campbell, and Dennis Neill established the Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa with the Tulsa Community Foundation. The mission is “to support effective Tulsa area nonprofits which practice diversity in their policies and workplace while building public awareness of the contributions that the LGBT community and their friends, family and other allies make to improve the quality of life in the Tulsa area.” Leveraging off of a matching grant from the Gill Foundation, the organizers contributed funds and reached out to others to consider directing some of their charitable giving thru the Fund, with the following benefits: • Branding dollars as coming from the LGBT community and their allies • Encouraging non-profits to include sexual orientation in their non-discrimination policies and procedures. • Enhancing the level of local giving with the possibility of matching some of our giving with dollars from the Gill Foundation of Colorado. The Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa has been working to encourage non-profits to add Sexual Orientation to their non-discrimination policies. To date, some 35 Tulsa area non-profits have indicated that they have such policies or are working to do so. We have already sponsored events with 5 non-profits. The Gay and Lesbian Fund for Tulsa has been recognized in their programs and other appropriate publicity. We hope to support many other non-profits through grants for events, programs and capital campaigns. To do so, we need you to consider re-channeling some of your giving through the Fund. This will allow us to encourage non-profits to recognize diversity and maximize the dollars available through the Gill Foundation matching program. Dennis Neill Doug Campbell Gay & Lesbian Fund Gay and Lesbian Fund Mona Pittenger Nancy and Joe McDonald